League of Nations

Crises
1. Major Crises
  1. Abyssinian Crisis
    1. Mussolini used Wal-Wal 'incident' in 1934 as an excuse
      1. Haile Selassie appealed to the League who did little
        Possibly in return for Stresa Pact 1935
        Offered Mussolini some of Abyssinia but he refused
        Invasion began in October 1935
        League banned arms, rubber and tin exports to Italy
        But not oil
        Suez canal remained open
        Hoare-Laval pact offered Mussolini 66% of Abyssinia
        Disovered, weakened League, sacked
        Ethiopia was annexed in May 1936
  2. Manchurian Crisis 1931-32
    1. Japan claimed sabotage on South Manchurian Railway
      1. Invasion and puppet government set up by February 1932
        Lytton Report condemned Japan in September 1932
        Report approved 42-1 in March 1933 so Japan left the League
        Japan invaded Jehol in April 1933
        No economic sanctions due to absence of US
        Britain wanted good relations with Japan
2. Minor Crises
  1. Upper Silesia 1921
  2. Aaland Islands 1921
  3. Corfu 1923
    1. Mussolini bombed and invaded Corfu
    2. League condemned Italy and Greece withheld compensation
    3. Italian general Tellini killed in Greece
    4. Mussolini changed the ruling and got money anyway
  4. Geneva Protocol 1924
    1. Stated that the Council's decision was final
    2. Never implemented after general elections in UK
Members
1. Permanent
  1. France
    1. Wanted to cripple Germany
  2. Britain
    1. Interests of British empire
  3. Italy
    1. Left in 1937
  4. Japan
    1. Left in 1933
2. USA never joined
3. Germany 1926-33
Structure
1. Council
  1. 4 permanent members
    1. Had a VETO
  2. Temporary members voted in by Assembly for 3-year periods
  3. Powers to settle disputes
    1. Moral condemnation
    2. Economic sanctions
    3. Miltary force
  4. Met 5 times a year or in emergency
2. Assembly
  1. League's parliament
  2. Made unanimous decisions over:
    1. New members
    2. Temporary Council members
    3. Budget
    4. Ideas from Council
  3. Met once a year
3. Commissions
  1. Mandates Commision
  2. Refugees Commission
  3. Health Committee
  4. Slavery Commission
Established 1920
Treaties
1. Locarno 1925
  1. Germany accepts Western borders
    1. Germany joins League in 1926
2. Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
  1. 65 nations signed to not use military force

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League of Nations

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