Blood

Blood

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
1. biconcave shape
  1. larger surface area
  2. loses nucleus soon after being made
    1. Red Blood Corpuscules
  3. no mitochondria
2. Transports O2
  1. Haemoglobin
    1. purple
      1. 4 O2 molecules join to Fe2+ in lungs
        oxyhaemoglobin (red)
3. Made in bone marrow
4. Broken down by liver + spleen
  1. bile pigments
  2. iron stored/ recycled
5. Lifespan: 4 months
  1. Easily damaged/ Cannot be repaired
6. anaemia
White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)
1. Lymphocytes (25%)
  1. stored (and some mature) in lymphatic system
  2. Antibodies
  3. Lifespan: 3months-10yrs
2. Monocytes (5%)
  1. Phagocytes
    1. Phagocytosis
      1. Pseudopodia
    2. Scavenge + engulf pathogens
  2. Lifespan: 6-9 days
3. Made in bone marrow
4. Defend+ fight against infection
5. No definite shape
  1. Larger than RBC
6. Leukaemia
  1. immature WBCs
7. Less numerous than RBCs
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
1. fragments of megacytes
2. Clotting
  1. Reduce blood loss
  2. Prevent entry of micro organisms
3. Haemophilia
  1. Missing clotting factor VIII
4. Thrombosis (blood clots)
  1. stroke
  2. heart attack
Plasma
1. Transport
  1. Dissolved materials
    1. glucose, amino acids, minerals, CO2, urea, hormones
  2. Heat
2. Serum
  1. plasma minus clotting proteins
3. Made of....
  1. 90% water
  2. 7% proteins
    1. Antibodies
    2. Clotting proteins
      1. made by liver
  3. 3% dissolved materials
4. 55% of blood
Blood Groups
1. ABO
  1. Categories of RBCs
    1. Antigens on membranes
  2. Transfusions
2. Rhesus Factor
  1. Rh+
    1. Have chemical
  2. Rh-
  3. Rh- ---> Rh+
    1. Complications with pregnancy
      1. Rh- mother's 2nd Rh+ baby at risk

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