WW1

WW1

Voluntary Recruitment Of A Mass Army
1. Pals Battalion
  1. OVER 300 BATTALIONS - SOME 250,000 MEN ALTOGETHER
  2. Formed on the basis of 'those who join together should serve together'
2. Role of Kitchener
  1. His role was to recruit the British Public as he foresaw a long war with the need for hundred of thousands of people to enlist
  2. Was on recruitment posters with the slogan, "YOUR COUNTRY NEEDS YOU"
  3. THE SECRETARY OF STATE OF WAR
3. Attitudes To Recuitment
  1. Some people saw it as their CIVIL DUTY - With people under age even signing up and lying about their age
  2. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS
    1. These were people whose consciences would not let them fight
    2. Propaganda was used to pressure these people into fighting, whilst encouraging people to support the war
  3. INITIAL PATRIOTISM
  4. Initial patriotism faded and, as the loses on the Western Front mounted, so the numbers of people volunteering dwindled
  5. JANURARY 1916 CONSCRIPTION CAME INTO FORCE
    1. INITIALLY JUST SINGLE MEN - LATER INCLUDED MARRIED MEN ASWELL
4. Techniques
  1. Played on the patriotism of the British Public
  2. RECRUITMENT POSTERS - PROPAGANDA
  3. Used the idea of 'Pals Battalions' to recruit whole groups of people
5. Derby Scheme
  1. Before over 1 MILLION men had volunteered to fight by the end of 1914 - Throughout the whole war, some 2.5 MILLION men enlisted voluntarily
  2. 15th JULY 1915 - NATIONAL REGISTRATION ACT PASSED - An attempt to stimulate recruitment by discovering how many men were between 15 and 60 and their occupations
  3. 11th OCTOBER 1915 LORD DERBY WAS APPOINTED DIRECTOR GENERAL OF RECRUITING - HE CAME UP WITH THE DERBY SCHEME IMMEDIATELY
  4. THE SCHEME WAS A FAILURE
  5. 38% of single men and 54% of married men who were not in 'starred' occupations failed to come forwardd
Key Events And Battles
1. BATTLE OF THE SOMME
  1. Many of the explosives that had bombarded the Germans trenches were 'duds
  2. Much of the German Barbed wire remained intact
  3. Worst day of fighting in British History
  4. 20,000 killed on the first day
2. First Ypres 1914
  1. 20th October 1914 the Germans made one last ditch attempt to reach the sea and launched the First Battle if Ypres. The battle was bloody and cost the British 50,000 casualties
3. Third Ypres - Battle Of Passchendaele 1917
  1. Happened at the Village of Passchendaele
  2. Main attack July 1917 using CREEPING BARAGE
  3. British had initial success but poor weather made the battlefield a swamp
  4. Germans eventually captured it by December 1918 - Taken 4 months to advance 7 Miles
  5. 200,000 GERMAN CASUALTIES AND 250,000 BRITISH CASUALTIES
4. Second Ypres 1915
  1. Historically significant for being the ONLY MAJOR OFFENSIVE INITIATED BY THE GERMAN MILITARY ON THE WESTERN FRONT
  2. FIRST TIME GAS WAS USED
  3. Attack not considered successful as the Germans were never able to actually take the town
Support And Opposition
1. SUPPORT
  1. LIBERALS, LABOUR, CONSERVATIVE
  2. SUFFRAGETTES, TRADE UNIONS, NEWSPAPERS
  3. ANTI-GERMAN ATTACKS, DEMONSTRATIONS, VOLUNTEERS
2. OPPOSITION
  1. INCREASED CASULTIES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PRESSURES
  2. POLITICAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNREST
  3. INDIVIDUAL POLITICANS
  4. Conscientious objectors and quakers
Warfare On The Western Front - Nature Of Trench Warfare
1. Trench warfare favoured being defensive
2. Behind the front line lay support Trenches and behind them remained support trenches - Deployed in 3 lines
3. Trench systems were SHORT, SHALLOW DUG OF TRENCHES
  1. 7 FEET DEEP where possible with strong points with barbed wire in front of. Offered protection from sniper fire and a place to remain 'safe'
4. Tactics and Weapons
  1. TANKS FIRST USED IN SEPTEMBER 1916
  2. GAS WAS A NEW CONTROVERSIAL WEAPON. CAUSED BLINDESS AND WAS EASILY FATAL
  3. Lee Enfiled RIfle was popular and effective
  4. The war ensued for so long partly down to the defensive tactics used. Neither side favoured being offensive - LED TO WAR OF ATTRITION
5. How Was Morale Kept Maintained?
  1. A serving British solider was paid 10 FRANCS A WEEK
  2. Food and Clothing was free
  3. POSTAL AND PARCEL DELIVERY WAS OUTSTANDING - Men were kept in touch with their loved ones
  4. Soliders got let home after six months serving in 1918
6. Life Behind The Lines
  1. CORPAL PUNISHMENT WAS USED ON SOLIDERS THAT DESERTED THEIR POST
  2. 38,000 CASES OF DESERTION BETWEEN 1914 AND 1920
  3. TRENCH FOOT WAS COMMON
  4. DISEASE WAS PREVALANT
  5. Soliders had free time and went to bars and clubs in the French towns and villages that they were fighting near

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