Mary I- Religion 2

Monastic land dispute
1. legal status of the Church wasn't resolved in first parliament
  1. resolved in 3rd parliament (Nov 1554- Jan 1555)
    1. Henrician Act of Attainder revised
  2. monastic land dispute was the reason for this delay
2. Pope Julius III and his legate Reginald Pole believed the privately owned land should be returned to the Church
  1. Council members didn't want to return it
    1. most of the Council owned the taken land
  2. Pope Julius III and his legate Reginald Pole insisted the English Church should submit to Rome first
    1. disputations then being individually awarded to landowners
    2. this plan was seen as impossible
    3. church lands still in contention
    4. Pope eventually accepted Charles V's advice to the impossibility of this plan
      1. Pole could now travel to England
        took up position as legate and Archbishop of Canterbury
3. Mary sided with Pole
  1. sympathised with his view that no foreigner should have jurisdiction over English property
    1. threatened to abdicate
      1. empty threat
    2. compromise eventually made
      1. the statute of repeal would include a papal dispension
        in Mary's mind, giving it greater political force
        but the parliamentary request for abolition of conscience for monastic property owners was rejected
        never forgiven
        now possible for the Act of Repeal to pass into law (Jan 1555) along with the reinstatement of medieval heresay laws
        allowing burnings
        this reconciliation wasted months
        landowners became suspicious of Pole's grudging attitude towards Church property
        Mary's reputation never really recovered
  2. Duffy argues Pole was an 'original thinker'
4. in the final analysis, Mary had to acknowledge jurisdiction of statute law into religious matters
When Pope Julius III dies in 1555, he was succeeded by anti-Spanish Paul IV
1. hostile to Mary's husband Philip II
2. hostile to Spain during 1555 war
  1. England suffered greatly
Mary stuck by Pole
1. Pope Paul IV also suspicious of Pole
  1. thought he was a heretic
  2. he withdrew Pole's legatine commission (April 1557) and named a new legate- William Peto
2. 'Pride, stubbornness and an instinct for survival saw her through tribulations that would have destroyed a lesser woman'- L.Porter
  1. brave
3. Mary refused to let him go to Rome to face charges
  1. refused to ignore superior papal authority
    1. meant Peto wa in a higher position in the English Church than the Archbishop of Canterbury
    2. placed Mary in a legal position with the papacy uncomfortably similar to that of her father
got her desired reformation
1. at the cost of her relationship with the pope
Burning of heretics
1. totally destroyed her reputation
2. 289 Protestants (237 men 52 women) victims
  1. some famous
    1. tried to burn well-know Protestants to destroy support
      1. led to sympathy rather than hatred of Protestants
    2. e.g. John Rodgers and Rowland Taylor (first 2 victims)
      1. 'the popular sympathy by those early burnings, marked by frequent popular demonstrations, completely undermined any possibility of discrediting Protestants'- R.Tittler
      2. popular preachers caused widespread sympathy
3. 3 were members of the episcopate at the time of Mary's accession
  1. Archbishop Cranmer, Bishop Hooper and Bishop Ridley
4. most victims were ordinary people
  1. victims became more relatable
    1. strengthened martyrdom and increased class antagonism
  2. many of the rich had run away
5. Privy Council became worried about a social revolution
  1. banned servants, apprentices and the young from attending
6. geographically significant
  1. possibly geographically limited?
  2. 60 burnings in London
  3. mainly occured in the South
    1. more Protestants
7. this method had worked in some countries
  1. she didn't have enough time
    1. did nothing for her posthumous reputation
  2. following by example
    1. may have worked with more time
8. learnt not to press her opinions onto parliament
delay in restoration of the Church's institutional structure and the divisions between Crown and papacy hindered her reputation further
out of touch with England and its religious feelings?
1. 'took England to be as he remembered it rather than as it was' (in reference to Pole) R.Tittler
a bill in 1555 to allow seizure of Protestant exiles' property was rejected
evidence in wills (disputable) suggested a growth in Protestantism
1. The Marian Church 'appeared not to capitalise on the strength of the native English spiritual or intellectual traditions'- R.Tittler
evidence of Protestant motives in Wyatt's followers during the rebellion

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Mary I- Religion 2

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