Rise of Fascism

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leaving cert History (fascism) Mindmap am Rise of Fascism, erstellt von viktory am 02/10/2013.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Rise of Fascism
  1. Versailles
    1. treaty of london 1915
      1. 'unredeemed italy' from austria...dalmatia
      2. w. wilson dissmisal of prev treaties
        1. Rapollo 1920 claim dropped
        2. war guilt clause231
          1. resentment ...benefits from political 'Zeitgest'
            1. anger on germans = dolchstoss+ 'nov crim'
              1. 'stab in the back' theory + 27tho miles sq. borders
          2. resentment stirred by benito...> child bully
            1. WWII
              1. last battle of wwi
                1. > mistakes of versailles> rise of fascism
            2. Economies
              1. uncontrollable inflation
                1. prices 250%....
                  1. middle class dissilution
                    1. wages + pesions wiped out
                      1. use of anger
                  2. unemployment ...returning soldiers
                    1. from 1914 prices
                      1. x3 britain ...x5 germany.. 14,000 austria .. 23,000 hungary
                      2. reparations 6.6 billion
                        1. keynes resigns commission
                          1. republic cycle broken
                            1. usa,,,germany...br,fr...usa
                              1. 100 million annual > wallst crash
                          2. political polarisation = perfect climate for rise
                          3. weak democracies
                            1. + communist threat = fascist support
                              1. P.R. weak coalitionpart's...1919-22 ...x5 gov
                                1. economical prrob not tackled
                                2. effective ' disenfranchisement ' ...poor illiterate south
                                  1. mafia power ..mobility of democracy
                                    1. transformism
                                      1. secret pre el talks ...corruption
                                      2. coups ,...democracy in trouble 1919 20 23
                                      3. Violence/ 'march on rome' '22/ putch 23 lessons
                                        1. matteotti ' the fascists exposed' kidnapp.murder
                                          1. > ' the responsibility of this is mine "
                                            1. public empathy
                                          2. king,,,vasalate
                                            1. attacked tackle prob or leave to fascism
                                              1. gov min ... pm....myth...not force but invitaion
                                            2. aventine secession ...refused to come down unless treated better ..anc rome
                                              1. french ruhr> seize power ..force 8/nov/23 ...beer hall
                                                1. march on berlin I I "on rome"'
                                                  1. 9mnt / 5yr ... judiciary sympathy ( jobs for life ) dissilusioned
                                                    1. play game of democracy " if outvoting them takes longer "
                                                      1. hitler could wait I I mussolini 7 yrs dictator
                                                    2. Weimar constitution , article 48 and hindenburg
                                                      1. fascism took adv of weaknesses of democracy and weimar constituion > rise in power
                                                        1. 1919-33 ..public saw it as result of defeat of temp gov...problems rebellions , economic , divisions
                                                          1. "14 years. a junkyard"
                                                            1. 'Hunger Chancelor ' brunning .. '30... powers for control in emergency times....lack of political skill
                                                              1. >public support for extreme parties
                                                              2. von papen vs. von schleicher...cabinet of barons political dance in and out
                                                                1. papens close relations to hindenburg> hitler chancellor 30/01/33
                                                                  1. "we have hired him " disenchantment of papen
                                                                  2. Charisma and opportutnity
                                                                    1. fascism = perfect timing .. vulnerabilty to promises ...italy relatively poor+ weak
                                                                      1. unemployement 1.3 to 6 milll....fail of democracy
                                                                        1. middle class struggle with wages .... milan strikes
                                                                          1. weak gov's wiemar republic and italian economic problems > yearned for leader
                                                                            1. "chauvenistic " but nationalism
                                                                              1. roman empire speeches " ressurection of the empire"
                                                                                1. third reich
                                                                                2. magnetism / drawing power photos hitler beside hindenburg...respect , mussolini cub ... strength power
                                                                                3. Communism
                                                                                  1. revolts berlin vienna budapest
                                                                                    1. 1917 revolutions bolsheviks
                                                                                      1. church support anti communist ..marxist form of socialism
                                                                                        1. wealthy class support merchants bankers land owners agnelli -fiat , peroni -army ..germ n industrialist thyssen + kirdorf
                                                                                          1. fascism = perceived barrier
                                                                                            1. scapegoats... concentration camps ..communists and socialists
                                                                                              1. violence
                                                                                              2. great fear ...defence min noske ...harshly put down spartacist rising 1919 and red ruhr army march 1920???? LENIENT
                                                                                              3. PROPAGANDA
                                                                                                1. DISTORTION OF TRUTH ... to influence public opinion
                                                                                                  1. "constantly repeating .. imprinting an idea onto the memory" hitler
                                                                                                  2. education... contorion of past
                                                                                                    1. " to awaken pride in their membership of the german race" reich minister of education , dr. rust
                                                                                                    2. Goebbels ..master in the art of mirepresentation ...starace secretary of fascist pty..pportrayed as spirit of fascism , sportsman .office light=> tilreless worker for italy
                                                                                                      1. mussolini - journalism
                                                                                                        1. cencorship ... books burnt , newspapers closed down if not promoting fascism
                                                                                                          1. public seduced + intoxicated = key element in rise
                                                                                                          2. Consolidation of power -electoral law '23 & enabling act '33
                                                                                                            1. for. policy ..muss .. to gain territory & status " nation hungry for land"
                                                                                                              1. bendong the truth ..eu powers tricked ..lack of inds resources
                                                                                                              2. acerbo law- pty avec most votes 2/3 seats ...passed in ending political instability
                                                                                                                1. 1924 ..65% fascist party ..vote through threats and violoence
                                                                                                                  1. 23 march '33 ..full power for 4yr ...
                                                                                                                    1. full scale policy of bullying and fear
                                                                                                                      1. end of weimAR republic => totalitarian ...no opposition tolerated
                                                                                                                        1. regulting every aspect of life
                                                                                                                      2. final steps to ensure complete power = success
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