Structure and Bonding

Bonding
1. Ionic
  1. Formed by one atom transferring 1 or more electrons to another atom.
  2. Atoms which have gained or lost electrons.
    1. If they lose electrons, then they become posatively charged.
    2. If they gain electrons, then they are negatively charged.
  3. + + + ++ - - - - -
    1. There are 5 posatives and 5 negatives.
    2. + + + + + - - - -
      1. here there are only 4 negatives and 5 posotive electrons. This means that there are more protons than electrons so there must be an overall posotive charge.
  4. Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non metals. for example- sodium chloride, iron oxide etc
2. Covalent
  1. Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to form complete outer shells
  2. Covalent bonding take place between non metals. for example- Nitrogen oxide
  3. The atoms are so desperate for a complete outer shell that they will share their electrons between other atoms. An example is water. Hydrogens have only 1 electron. Oxygen needs to gain 2 electrons so 2 hydrogens covalently bond to for H2O or water.
  4. Covalent bonds are strong
3. All atoms bond to try and form complete out shells.
4. The alkali metals all react with non metal elements to form ionic compounds in which the metal atom has a single positive charge.
5. The elements in group 7 (the halogens) all react with the alkali metals to form negatively charged compounds.
Structure
1. The structure of metals
  1. Metals have delocalized electrons. This means they are free to move from atom to atom meaning they are a good conductor of heat and electricity.
    1. Because they may have lost a few electrons, this means there are more protons than electrons meaning the atoms are now posotively charged.
2. Compounds are substances in which 2 or more elements are chemically combined.
3. Noble gases have complete outer shells so they are completely unreactive.
4. An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions
  1. The ions are all held together by strong electromagnetic forces holding the atoms together.
5. All the atoms are held together in a lattice. A lattice is an array of atoms

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Structure and Bonding

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