durkheims functionalist theory

functionalists mainly argued that their are 2 key mechanisms to achieve solidarity:
1. socialisation: the process where the individual learns and has the same value and norms as the society
2. social control: this is so the society balances out by putting forward mechanisms for reward and punishment , this will help to ensure how individuals act in the way society expects them to.
3. funcationalist also see crime as inevitable and universal
The inevitability of Crime
1. 2 Main Reasons why crime & Deviance are found in societies
  1. not everyone has the same norms of values so some will prone to deviate
  2. in complex societies their are diveristy of lifestyles and values, this leads to them forming thier own subcultures which will have the same values and norms as them , mainstream cultre is sometimes seen as deviant
2. Durkheim believes that in this societies this causes a tendency towards: Anomie is when their a lack or norms and values.This causes diversity means that the shared culture or collective is weakened and this results in higher levels or crime and deviance.
Durkheims says ' Crime is normal.. an intergal part of a healthy societies
the postive functions of crime
1. Boundary Maintenance
  1. this allows society to to function properly durkhiem explains that the function of punishment isnt mainly for the wrongdoers but the reaffrims societys shared rules and reinforce social solidarity.
2. Adaptation and Change
  1. durkheims believe that crime allows society to adapt and change accordingly to certain beahaviours and attiudes. any new ideas in society are initially regarded as deviant. for example homosexuality was first seen as deviant was not accepted until it was legalised in 1967
3. Examples: kingsley davis 1937 argued that prosistution acts as a safety valve for the release of mens sexual frustation without threatening the monogamous nuclear family.
  1. Example 2 :Ned polskey 1967 argued that pronography safely channels a varitey of sexual desires away from alteranative such as adultery which would pose a much greater threat to the family
4. Albert cohen believed that this will allow to have a warning if society is not functioning properly
5. Kai Erikson 1966 argues that if crime and deviance performs postive social functions then perhaps it means society is actually organised so as to promote deviance.

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durkheims functionalist theory

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