Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Principles of Evolution
- Assumptions
- Brain evolved to solve problems found by ancestors
- Brain evolution is continuous
- The brain of each species is adapted to solve problems encountered by individuals
- Critiques
- 'Everything is an adaptation'
- 'Everything is genetically determined'
- 'Everything is
explained by genes'
- 'Injustice is biologically explained'
- Behavioural Universals
- Behaviours that have strong
genetic components - must have
been adaptive at some point
- Levels of analysis
- Genes -> nervous system -> behaviour -> culture
- Methods
- Twin studies
- Comparative method
- Cross-cultural research
- Modelling
- Tinbergen
- Ontogeny
- How do we develop preferences?
- Proximate mechanism
- How does the preference work?
- Phylogenetic pathway
- How did the preference evolve?
- Ultimate function
- Why do they have these preferences?
- Natural selection
- Life occurred once; everything evolved from it
- Species evolve slowly and continuously
- Driven by variation
- The Selfish Gene
- Fate of the group is irrelevant to
decision of individual
- Individual not always relevant
- Bodies come and go but genes survive
- Genetic variation
- Most gene variations don't
affect the phenotype
- Fragile X syndrome
- Single gene origins are very rare