Rise of Fascism in Italy

Versailles 1919
1. 1915 Treaty of London
  1. 'Unredeemed Italy'- Dalmatia etc.
  2. British Promises
2. Wilson dismisses previous Treaty
  1. Orlando (Italy) angry w/ Wilson
  2. Leaves prematurely w/ some promised land
3. Italian Resentment stirred by Mussolini
  1. Akin to German resentment stirred by Hitler
  2. Selfishness over peace
Economic Problems
1. Uncontrollable Inflation
  1. Milan strikes etc 1922
  2. Savings lost (middle classes)
  3. Pre 1914... prices X5 in Germany
    1. X15000 Austria
    2. X23000 Hungary
2. Unemployment... Returning soldiers
3. Agriculture... 50% population
  1. 90% less than 3 acres
  2. Land Distribution promised, not delivered
Communism
1. Russia 1917 revolution... fear
  1. 1919 Berlin, Vienna + Budapest communist revolts
2. Fascism = Perceived barrier
  1. Democracy weak + Communist threat... Nazi support
  2. Violence used against Communists
3. Fascist Support from merchants, bankers, land owners
  1. Agnelli (Fiat), Peroni (arms) Pirelli (tyres)
  2. Church support against atheistic communism
    1. Pope Pius
Weak Democracy
1. Transformism
  1. Secret pre-election deals between opposing parties
2. Proportional Representation
  1. Too many small parties in weak coalitions
  2. 1919-22: 5 Governments
    1. Instability in economic crisis
  3. Akin to new (Versailles) countries e.g. Czech
    1. Unused to democracy
    2. Shared instability
3. Mussolini: Propaganda of national greatness
  1. Chauvenistic nationalism
  2. Roman Empire
4. Mafia power in south
  1. Inability of Democracy
  2. Disenfranchisement in poor illiterate south

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Rise of Fascism in Italy

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