Earthquakes

Earthquakes

Kobe MEDC
1. Background
  1. 7.2 Ricter Scale
  2. 17th Jan 1995
  3. Epicentre on Awaji
    1. 20km from major port Kobe
    2. Sparsely populated island
  4. 20 seconds long
2. Causes
  1. Destructive plate boundary
    1. Oceanic Pacific Plate and Philippine Plate, under Eurasian Plate
    2. 6.8m a year
  2. Fault moved through Kobe
    1. not moved for 50 years
    2. moved 1m up, 50cm across
3. Effects
  1. Primary
    1. 5477 people killed
    2. 316,000 homeless
    3. 102,000 buildings destroyed
    4. 12 trains de-railed
      1. Eastern line of the Bullet Train buckled
    5. 1 million homes without...
      1. Water
      2. Gas
    6. 1km stretch of Hanshin expressway collapsed
      1. 200 killed
  2. Secondary
    1. $220 billion damage
    2. Fires spread
    3. Trade affected
      1. Panasonic closed
    4. Roads gridlocked
4. Response
  1. Long term
    1. by Jan 1999
      1. 134,000 housing units made
    2. By July 1995
      1. Water, gas etc working
    3. By August 1995
      1. Railway back
    4. 1 year after
      1. 80% Port working
    5. New Law
      1. Make buildings and transport earthquake proof
    6. More instruments to monitor earthquake movements
  2. Immediate
    1. Emergency services and army
      1. Later, international teams with rescue dogs
    2. Temporary shelters
      1. School
      2. Homeless
        Water, food, medicine
    3. Heavy equipment
    4. Hospitals struggled
Haiti
1. Background
  1. 12th Jan 2010
  2. Island of Hispaniola
    1. Caribbean
    2. Population of 9 million
  3. 7 Ricter Scale
2. Cause
  1. Stress built at Conservative margin
    1. 200 years
  2. Released at the Enriquillo- Plantain Garden Fault
  3. Shallow focus
    1. 10-15km
  4. Epicentre 16km outside Port au Prince
3. Effects
  1. Primary
    1. 300,000 injured
    2. 1.3 million homeless
    3. 1 in 5 jobs lost
    4. 30,000 commercial building collapses
    5. Airport and port damaged
    6. 240,000 died
  2. Secondary
    1. Homeless in 1,100 squalid camps
    2. Hospitals and morgues full
      1. Bodies on streets
    3. Disease
    4. Hard to get aid into area
    5. People squashed into shanty towns
4. Response
  1. Immediate
    1. AID
      1. $100 million from USA
      2. $330 million by EU
    2. 115,000 tents
    3. 1 million + shelters
    4. No preparation
    5. 4.3 million people with food rations
    6. Healthcare supplies to limit diseases
  2. Longer term
    1. 1.7 million supplied with water
    2. Temporary schools and new teachers
    3. support for the 70% unemployed
    4. 98% of rubble not cleared up
    5. 1 million people homeless live in aid camps

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