Force

Force

A push or a pull
1. Described by its strength and direction in which it acts
  1. Strength and direction can be represented by an arrow which points in the direction of a force, and the length of the are shows the strength of the force, the longer the stronger
    1. Strength measured in the SI unit called newton (N) named after Isaac Newton
Net force
1. The combination of all forces acting on an object
  1. Determines whether an object moves and which direction it moves
2. Balanced forces
  1. Equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions, there is NO net force
    1. No change in the object's motion
3. Unbalanced forces
  1. Whenever the forces on an object are unbalanced, there is A net force
    1. Change in the object's motion
Friction
1. The force that two surfaces exert on each other when they rub against each other
  1. The strength of the force of friction depends on two factors
    1. How hard the surfaces push together
    2. Types of surfaces involved
2. Four types of friction
  1. Static Friction
    1. Friction that acts on objects that are not moving
  2. Sliding Friction
    1. Two solid surfaces slide over each other
  3. Rolling Friction
    1. When an object rolls across a surface
  4. Fluid Friction
    1. When a solid object moves through a fluid
Gravity
1. A force that pulls objects towards each other
  1. The strength of the gravitational attraction between objects depends on two factors
    1. Mass
      1. Measure of the amount of matter in an object
        Weight is the force of gravity on a person or object on the surface of a planet
      2. More mass greater gravitational pull
    2. Distance
      1. Less distance greater gravitational pull
2. Universal Gravitation
  1. Law made by Newton that stated force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe
  2. Isaac Newton
3. Free Fall
  1. When the only force acting on an object is gravity, the object is said to be in free fall
  2. In free fall the force of gravity is unbalanced, which causes an object to accelerate
    1. All objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate regardless of masses
      1. It does not seem like it because all objects falling through air experience air resistance
        Air resistance is a fluid friction
    2. Terminal Velocity
      1. The greatest velocity a falling object reaches
4. Projectile
  1. An object object that is thrown is called a projectile
Isaac Newton
1. Newton had three laws of motion
  1. The Second Law of Motion
    1. The second law states that acceleration depends on the object's mass and on the net force acting on the object
      1. Acceleration= Net Force/ Mass
  2. The Third Law of Motion
    1. The third law states that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object
      1. Basically meaning for ecery action there is an equal but opposite reaction
      2. Momentum
        What Newton called "quantity of motion", it is a characteristic of a moving object related to the mass and velocity of the object
        Momentum=Mass x Velocity
        Law of conservation of momentum
        The total momentum of any group of objects remains the same, or is conserved, unless outside forces act on the objects
  3. The First Law of Motion
    1. The first law states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced force
      1. This law is also called the law of inertia
        Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
        Inertia depends on mass

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