Lesson 5: Navigation on Earth

Coordinate System - assigns a pair of coordinates called longitude and latitude
1. Latitude - the angular distance in degrees North or South of the equator
2. Equator - the imaginary line that circles the Earth halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole
3. Prime Meridian - the imaginary line that runs through Greenwich, England, from the North Pole to the South Pole
4. Longitude - the angular distance in degrees East or West of the prime meridian
5. Parallels - the lines that connect points of equal latitude, called parallels because they never touch
6. Meridians - the lines that connect points of equal longitude, they all meet at the poles
Determining Latitude
1. Latitude north = the angle of Polaris above the horizon
2. Point stars (the 2 stars at the end of the bowl of the Big Dipper) point towards Polaris
3. Astrolabe - a tool used to measure the angle above the horizon of an object in the sky
Determining Longitude
1. (Local Time - Greenwich Local Time) * 15 = Longitude
2. Positive Longitude = West of the Prime Meridian
3. Negative Longitude = East of the Prime Meridian

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