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AQA GCSE Physics Unit 2 Mindmap
Beschreibung
A mindmap on all of AQA GCSE Physics Unit 2
Keine Merkmale angegeben
gcse
aqa
physics
forces
motion
decay
radioactive
Mindmap von
Gabi Germain
, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von
Gabi Germain
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
AQA GCSE Physics Unit 2 Mindmap
Motion
Distance-time graphs
Helps us describe the motion of an object
Speed
The distance travelled each second
The gradient represents the speed of an object
Speed=Distance over time
Velocity and acceleration
Velocity is speed in a given direction
Measured in m/s
If the velocity of an object changes we say it accelerates
Measured in m/s squared
Deceleration
A negaitve acceleration
Velocity-time graph
Gradient represents acceleration
The steeper the gradient the greater the acceleration
If the line is horizontal the acceleration is zero!
If the gradient is negative the object is decelerating
The area underneath the graph shows the distance travelled
An object travelling at a steady speed may be accelerating
If it is changing direction
Forces
Forces between objects
Newtons third law
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Measured in Newtons (N)
A force can change an objects motion or state of rest
Forces have both...
Size
Direction
Resultant force
The combined effect of all forces acting on an object
If an object is at a state of rest
It will stay at rest if the resultant force is zero
It will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force
If an object is moving
Carry on moving in the same direction if the resultant force is zero
Accelerate in that direction
In the opposite direction to the resultant force it will decelerate
Acceleration
A resultant force always causes an acceleration
If there is no acceleration in a situation there is no resultant force
A change in velocity
A resultant force is needed to change the direction of an object
The bigger the mass of an object...
The bigger the force needed to give a particular acceleration
On the road
Stopping distance
Thinking distance + Braking distance = stopping distance
Thinking distance
Factors affecting
Alcohol
Age
Drugs
Tiredness
The distance travelled in the time it takes the driver to react
Their reaction time
Braking distance
Factors affecting
Road conditions
Weather conditions
Worn tires
Worn brakes
The distance travelled in the time it takes for the brakes to act
Travelling at a steady speed
The driving forces are equal and opposite
Resultant force is zero
Falling objects
Falling freely
Resultant force acting on it is gravity
Object accelerates at 10m/s squared if close to the earths surface
Objects falling in fluids
fluid exerts a drag force on the object
Resists its motion
The faster it falls..
the bigger the drag force
until it equals the weight of the object
The resultant force is now zero
Stops accelerating
Moves at a constant velocity called the terminal velocity
The force of gravity on objects
Weight
Don't confuse with mass
The amount of matter in an object
If an object isnt falling g is called the gravitational field strength
N/Kg
Stretching and squashing
Increase of length of a spring is its extension
Objects that regain their shape after work was done to change its shape are said to be elastic
Hooke's law
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided the limit of proportionality isn't esceeded
Spring constant is the force per unit extension needed to stretch
The stiffer a spring the greater its spring constant
When elastic objects are stretched work is done and stored as elastic potential energy
Work, energy and momentum
Current electricity
Electrical charges
Two insulating materials
Electrons transferred/rubbed off and deposited
Lose electrons
Positively charged
Gains electrons
Negatively charged
Series
P.d is total of all components added together
Same current across each component
How ammeters are connected
Parallel
P.d. is the same across each component
total current is all components added together
If one part breaks the rest still works
The bigger the resistance through a component the less current can flow through it
Voltmeter connected like this
Current potential difference graphs
Show how current through a component varies with potential difference across it
filament bulb
A curve
Resistance increases as current increases
Because resistance increases as temperature increases
Reversing the p.d. makes no difference to the curve
Diode
Current only flows in one directiom
In the reverse direction it has a very high resistance so the current is zero
As light gets brighter on an LDR resistance decreases
As temperature of a thermistor goes up the resistance goes down
Ohms law
Current is directly proportional to the potential difference through a component
Resistance is the opposition to current flow
Mains electricity
Radioactivity
Nucleus energy
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