Earthquakes

The Philippines is located in the Ring of Fire.
1. The Ring of Fire is a ring of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean that result from subduction of oceanic plates beneath lighter continental plates.
  1. Most of the Earth’s volcanoes are located around the Pacific Ring of Fire because that’s the location of most of the Earth’s subduction.
The Philippines is located along a convergent boundary.
1. Along the boundaries, rocks bend or break.
  1. Breaks in rocks are called fractures. (fracture, fault, or joint)
    1. Faults are breaks along rocks with movement.
      1. Rocks get squeezed and/or stretched.
        When they do, they STORE ENERGY.
        When they can't anymore, they BREAK and RELEASE THE STORED ENERGY.
A Seismograph measures and records seismic waves made by an earthquake.
1. The amplitude of shaking recorded by the seismograph is converted to Richter scale magnitude, which uses a scale in the powers of ten scale.
Earthquakes generate waves that travel through the earth
1. Earthquakes occur when rocks slip along faults
  1. Faults are classified by the kinds of movement that occur along them
    Anmerkungen:
    - 1st Picture - Strike-Slip Fault - Left Lateral 2nd Picture - Strike-Slip Fault – Right Lateral 3rd picture - Dip-Slip Fault - Normal 4th picture - Dip-Slip Fault - Reverse
Epicenter: The point at the surface of the Earth above the focus
1. Focus (Hypocenter): The point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts
Where is this energy released?
1. Energy is released in the form of seismic waves.
Intensity: effect of an earthquake and how it is felt by people. tells us how much a certain area was shaken when the earthquake reached that area,
1. Magnitude: describes the total amount of energy that was released by the earthquake at the focus. - determined from seismic records
  1. The effects of an earthquake can be very different from place to place . An earthquake can have many different intensity numbers although it only has one magnitude.
    1. The primary effects of earthquakes are ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction. Fires are probably the single most important secondary effect of earthquakes.
  2. The resulting magnitudes reflect a10 times increase in strength for every increase of one in the Richter magnitude
2. How Strong Earthquake Feels to Observer Depends On: Distance to Quake Geology Type of Building Observer! Varies from Place to Place Mercalli Scale- 1 to 12

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Earthquakes

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