Physics

Physics

ENERGY
1. Types of Energy
  1. Chemical energy
    1. Energy is stored in the links between atoms
      1. The energy is released when the links between atoms are broken.
  2. Strain Energy
    1. When a spring is stretched or squashed energy is stored.
      1. When you stop stretching the spring, it releases energy
  3. Kinetic Energy
    1. Movement Energy
      1. An object that moves has kinetic energy
  4. Nuclear Energy
    1. As the nucleus of an atom becomes more stable it releases energy.
  5. Light Energy
    1. Radiation Energy
      1. Forms in waves
    2. Light energy comes from a light source
  6. Gravitational Potential Energy
    1. anything that goes up has to come down
      1. When something hits the ground energy is released
  7. Electrical Energy
    1. Electrical energy is due to the movement of electrons.
      1. Electrons circle atoms
  8. Sound Energy
    1. Sound energy is mainly made from vibrations
  9. Internal Energy
    1. created by the movement of atoms.
      1. Vibrations
LIGHT
1. Forms
  1. Type of Energy
  2. electromagnetic radiation
  3. Sun, stars and fire release heat
    1. infrared heat
2. Objects that emit light
  1. = luminous
    1. Light leaves objects in all directions
3. Objects that don't emit light
  1. non-luminous
    1. but can still reflect light//eg: The Moon
    2. can be classified as
      1. Transparent
        Light passes through
      2. Translucent
        Some light rays pass and others are scattered
      3. Opaque
        No light passes through
4. Light travels in a straight line
  1. You can see straight light rays travel through small holes
    1. you can see light beams through dusty atmosphere
    2. Smaller lines of light are called rays.
      1. You can do this by shining a light through slit card
5. Shadows
  1. Light hits an opaque object and is stopped
    1. Rays which pass the edges continue
  2. A region of light without light is a shadow
6. Reflection
  1. Light which reflects of a shiny surface
    1. eg= mirror
  2. Lines of reflection=
    1. Incident ray
      1. a light ray that strikes a surface
    2. Reflected ray
      1. a light ray that is reflected from a surface
    3. Normal
      1. a line perpendicular (that is 90 degrees) to the surface which the incident ray strikes
  3. Plane Mirror
    1. Mirror with a flat surface
  4. Image
    1. the appearance of an object in a mirror
  5. Angle of reflection
    1. the angle between the reflected ray and the normal
FORCES
1. Balanced + Unbalanced Forces
  1. No Force
    1. = stationary// continue what he is already doing
  2. Equal Force
    1. Same as no force//cancel each other out
  3. Unbalanced Force
    1. accelerating in the direction of the force
Springs
1. Robert Hooke
  1. 1635-1703
    1. Hooke invented the spring balance
      1. Measures force in Newtons
        (N)
2. elastic limit
  1. discovered by Hooke
    1. Hooke placed a mass on the spring, and when he took it off the spring it remained slightly stretched
  2. Eventually after the elastic limit the spring will Plasticly Deform
    1. Completely deformed
3. Springs in series/parallel
  1. Springs in Series
    1. Carry half the same mass as if they were independent springs
  2. Springs in Parallel
    1. Carry half the mass each
Graphs
1. Velocity=
  1. Displacement over Time
    1. Displacement means distance from start to finish
  2. How to find Velocity=
    1. How far away from the start divided by time taken
  3. How fast you would be going if you ran in a straight line from start to finish
  4. Velocity Time Graph
2. Distance Time Graph

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