Unit 1 Test

Earth Structure
1. Earth Systems
  1. Geosphere (Earth’s solid body)
  2. Atmosphere (layers of gases surrounding Earth)
  3. Biosphere (all of Earth’s living things)
  4. Cryosphere (all of Earth’s frozen water)
  5. Hydrosphere (all of Earth’s liquid water)
2. How Earth was Formed
  1. - The nebula shrank and flattened into a disk and the disk began to rotate and then the sun formed from the densest materials in the center of the disk.
  2. - Planets take shape from the remaining bits of material
  3. - Earth formed as GRAVITY pulls particles together
  4. - Early planets were unevenly shaped.
  5. - gravity pulled in all the irregular bumps making Earth an imperfect sphere (wider at the equator and flattened at the poles)
3. Earth's Layers
  1. Continental Crust
  2. Oceanic Crust
  3. Uppermost Mantle
  4. Lithosphere
  5. Asthenosphere (plastic layer)
  6. Upper mantle
  7. Lower mantle
  8. Outer core (only liquid layer)
  9. Inner core (solid because pressure outweighs the effect of temperature.)
Types of Rocks/ Rock Cycle
1. 3 Main Types of Rocks
  1. Igneous
  2. Sedimentary
  3. Metamorphic
2. Materials In Rock Cycle
  1. Magma
  2. Sediment
  3. Metamorphic Rock
  4. Igneous Rock
  5. Sedimentary Rock
3. Processes in Rock Cycle
  1. Melting
  2. Cooling/Crystalization
  3. Extreme heat/pressure
  4. Weathering/erosion
  5. deposition/compaction/cementation
4. How Each Rock is Formed
  1. Igneous Rock
    1. It must be melted into magma and cooled/crystalized either on Earth’s surface or in Earth’s interior.
  2. Metamorphic Rock
    1. The rock must be in earth’s interior and exposed to extreme heat and pressure, but not enough heat to fully melt the rock
  3. Sedimentary Rock
    1. The rock must be weathered and eroded into sediments. Those sediments will be deposited, compacted, and cemented.
Weathering/Erosion/Deposition
1. Weathering, Erosion, and Depostition Vocab
  1. Weathering
    1. The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth’s surface over time
  2. Erosion
    1. The removal of weathered material from one location to another.
  3. Depostion
    1. The laying down or settling of eroded material
2. Mechanical And Chemical Weathering
  1. Mechanical Weathering
    1. Physical processes that naturally break down rocks into smaller pieces (ice wedging, abrasion, animals, plants)
  2. Chemical Weathering
    1. A process that changes the materials that are part of a rock into new materials. (dissolving of minerals in water, oxidation, acid rain)
3. Agents Of Erosion
  1. Wind
  2. Water
  3. Glaciers
  4. Gravity
4. Constructive/Destructive Processes
  1. Constructive processes: build up features on Earth’s surface (ex: deposition)
  2. Destructive processes: tear down features on Earth’s surface (ex: weathering)

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