Second Language Acquistion

Input Hypothesis
1. Stephen Krashen
  1. everyone learns the same way
    1. comprehension of messages
      1. comprehensible input
        understanding message being told
        talking is not a form of practicing
        understand message being read
  2. learning is not a matter of differences, but similarities
    1. applications within classrooms
      1. use of a relaxing environment
        allows for the input to reach the child
      2. less emphasis of speaking as practice
        curriculum based on the comprehension of message
BICS vs. CALP
1. Jim Cummins
  1. BICS
    1. Basic interpersonal communicative skills
      1. smallest aspect of language
      2. high frequency vocabulary
      3. conversational frequency that is picked up quickly
  2. CALP
    1. cognitive academic language proficiency
      1. takes five to seven years for ell to catch up to grade level
      2. language used in textbooks and assessments
  3. Classroom applications
    1. forces teachers to look at the type of language ell's are learning
      1. how are their conversations with peers?
    2. find new strategies that give children more access to the academic language they require
      1. more textbooks
Universal Grammar
1. Noah Chomsky
  1. ability to learn grammar hard-wired in to brain
    1. manifests without being taught
  2. "mental grammar"
    1. brain automatically understands and distinguishes differences of language
      1. nouns
      2. verbs
  3. Classroom Applications
    1. less drill of grammar
      1. no teaching of phoneme awareness
      2. no spelling rules
    2. more use of time for practicing
      1. have kids writing

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Second Language Acquistion

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