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P2.1 Forces and their effects
- Resultant forces
- When two object
interact, they always
exert an equal and
opposite force to
each other.
- The resultant force is one single
force that replaces the effect of all
the forces acting on an object
- A resultant force acting on
an object may cause a
change in its state or motion
- A resultant force acting on
an object may cause a
change in its state or motion
- If the resultant force
acting on the object is
zero then the object will
not move.
- When two object
interact, they always
exert an equal and
opposite force to
each other.
- Forces and motion
- F = ma
- The gradient of a
distance-time graph
represents speed
- The velocity of
an object is its
speed in a given
direction
- a = v-u/t
- The gradient of a
velocity- time graph
represents acceleration
- F = ma
- Forces and braking
- When a vehicle travels at a
steady speed the resistive
forces balance the driving
force.
- The greater the speed of a
vehicle the great the braking
force needed to stop it in a
certain distance.
- The stopping distance of a vehicle is the
sum of the distance the vehicle travels
during the driver's reaction time
(thinking distance) and the distance it
travels under the braking force (braking
distance)
- A driver's reaction
time can be affected
by tiredness, drugs
and alcohol
- When the brakes of a vehicle are applied,
work done by the friction force between
the brakes and the wheel reduces the
kinetic energy of the vehicle and the
temperature of the brakes increase
- A vehicle's braking distance can be
affected by adverse road and weather
conditions and poor condition of the
vehicle
- When a vehicle travels at a
steady speed the resistive
forces balance the driving
force.
- Forces and elasticity
- A force acting on an
object may cause a
change in shape of
the object
- A force applied to an elastic object such
as a spring will result in the object
stretching and storing elastic potential
energy.
- For an object that is able to
recover its original shape,
elastic potential energy is
stored in the object when
work is done on the object to
change its shape.
- F = k * e
- A force acting on an
object may cause a
change in shape of
the object
- Forces and Terminal Velocity
- The faster an object moves through a
fluid the greater the frictional force
that acts on it
- An object falling through a fluid will
initially accelerate due to the force of
gravity. Eventually the resultant force
will be zero and the object will move at
its terminal velocity.
- Calculate the weight of an object using
the force exerted on it by gravitational
force: W = m * g
- The faster an object moves through a
fluid the greater the frictional force
that acts on it
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