Ireland

Ireland

Easter Rising
1. Causes
  1. Underlying Problems - growing Irish Nationalism exacerbated by the failure of Home Rule, 3 attempts that failed, began to change their minds and turn away from being Constitutional Nationalists.
  2. Trigger - World War One thought it was expensive and ill authorised, rejected the idea of an Irish Regiment, more radical Nationalists saw this as a distraction for Britain, gained German support.
  3. Helped by the Nationalist organisations and preparations, Irish Volunteers merged with the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The start of public support - new nationalism - Gaelic League.
2. Course of the Easter Rising
  1. 1) 24th April 1916 co-ordinated attacks and occupation of strategic points in Dublin began, the Irish Nationalists took over the Post Office in Dublin.
  2. 2) There was 1250 Irish Nationalists in Dublin and 2-3,000 across Ireland.
  3. 3) Patrick Pearce made the Proclamation of the Republic from the Post Office the Nationalists had taken over in Dublin.
  4. 4) British Troops arrive quickly and began to fight the Irish off and on 30th of April the Irish surrendered.
  5. 5) 82 Irish men died in the Easter Rising and 157 British men were killed
3. Consequences of the Easter Rising
  1. Irish public opinion initially wasn't in the rebels favour.
  2. General Maxwell - caused destruction in the centre of Dublin, imprisonment of rebels was a total of 3,000 and rebel leaders were executed. - This began to sway Irish public opinion.
    1. "Military failure but a moral victory."
  3. Being in jail together helped the rebels to organise themselves, creating Nationalist leaders such as Michael Collins.
  4. Reaction fuelled hostility towards the British, especially the execution of Patrick Pearce and James Conrolly - this lead to the rise of Sinn Fein - 1918 election they won 73 seats.
  5. End of the demands for Home Rule; moved towards Independence and political demands were radicalised.
  6. Michael Collins calls for a move away from grand gestures and that guerrilla tactics were better to be used.
  7. Created the idea of "blood sacrifice" - created martyrs particularly Pearce and Conrolly.
Anglo-Irish War / War of Indepencence
1. After the Easter Rising/Causes
  1. After the Easter Rising the Nationalists established an Irish Parliament "Dail Eirrean"
  2. Nationalists established the Irish Republican Army.
  3. The violence started in 1919 and was led by Michael Collins, he used guerrilla tactics, short attacks and no uniforms along with specific targets.
2. Course of the War
  1. Campaign of Civil Disobedience - refusing to pay tax, going on strike, protests, ignoring British police officers.
  2. Unionists responded violently burning down Nationalist houses, and terrorised families of IRA members.
  3. Michael Collins and the "Twelve apostles" or "the squad" were a network of spies and hit men, the biggest success they had was infiltrating Dublin Castle.
  4. British sent in the Black and Tans who were famous for violence, thuggery and drunkenness.

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