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Unit 2 - Task 3 –
Realization-Benign and
malignant diseases of the
breast
- Begnine breast
diseases
- Clinical mastopathy: this is related
to menstrual cycles and can be
physiological and its pathology is
related when pain occurs in the
mammary gland during hormonal
cycles in each breast it can be
different, it is concentrated in the
upper external quadrant which is
where the gland breast is denser,
its pain begins with ovulation and
decreases at the beginning of
menstruation.
- Puerperal mastitis: characterized by an
infection of the mammary gland during
lactation, the main cause is insufficient
milk drainage and cracks in the nipple.
The most common germ that can cause
infection is Staphylococcus aureus, it is
characterized by redness pain of the
skin and fever and if it is not treated in
time it can cause a mammary abscess.
- : Fibroadenoma: It is the
most common benign
tumor and can grow
with pregnancy,
breastfeeding and
taking contraceptives, it
is generally not painful
and is usually palpated
as a smooth mobile
mass, it is often
multiple and bilateral, it
should be followed
ultrasound to monitor
its change in size.
- Phyllodes tumor: It is a
very rare tumor and is
larger than fibroadenoma
and it can become
malignant. It often recurs
after its removal and if it is
very large,
quadrantectomy or
mastectomy is
recommended.
- Fat necrosis of the breast: It
occurs as a consequence of
trauma or surgeries such as
reduction in breast size, its
consistency is mistaken for a
malignant tumor, so it must
be biopsied, and it is
important to perform
ultrasound control to avoid
the state of the breast after
surgery.
- Galactocele: It is a retention
of milk due to the
obstruction of a milk duct
during breastfeeding.
- Nipple discharge: This
discharge can be
similar to milk
(galactorrhea), or
yellowish discharge
(telorrhea or bloody
discharge (telorrhea).
- Intraductal papilloma: The
most frequent cause is
unipolar telorrhagia,
ultrasound and biopsy are
recommended.
- Ductal ectasia: This is the
dilation of the mammary
ducts, its main symptom is
breast discharge, which can
cause fibrosis and nipple
retraction. Surgery is
performed to correct the
nipple retraction.
- Recurrent periareolar
fistulization: It is an
inflammatory and infectious
process of the terminal ducts,
most often in young smokers,
its possible cause is subareolar
necrosis, induced by the toxins
in tobacco.
- Erosive adenomatosis
of the nipple: it is a
variant of intraductal
papilloma, surgical
exeresis is
recommended.
- Mondor disease: It is a
thrombophlebitis of the
superficial veins of the breast
and can extend to the armpit
and chest wall, it can be
caused by surgery or trauma
and it seems like a hard and
painful cord that crosses the
breast in a craniocaudal
direction.
- Clinical mastopathy: this is related
to menstrual cycles and can be
physiological and its pathology is
related when pain occurs in the
mammary gland during hormonal
cycles in each breast it can be
different, it is concentrated in the
upper external quadrant which is
where the gland breast is denser,
its pain begins with ovulation and
decreases at the beginning of
menstruation.
- malignant diseases of
the breast
- Ductal and lobular
hyperplasia without atypia:
It is characterized by an
increase in epithelial cells in
the acini or ducts with
double luminal and
myoepithelial
differentiation.
- Atypical papilloma:
It develops on
benign papillomas
suffering from
atypical hyperplasia
and can be
diagnosed after
bloody discharge
- Atypia of the flat
epithelium: These
are columnar atypia
cells and can be
associated with
other infiltrating
lesions.
- Lobular
hyperplasia: is
the proliferation
of atypical cells
affecting more
than half of the
lobe without
distending the
acinus.
- Ductal
hyperplasia: It is
the proliferation
of atypical cells
that affect one or
more ducts.
- Ductal carcinoma in
situ: It is a
heterogeneous
disease, there are
several degrees.
Therefore, it is
necessary to
differentiate as
precisely as
possible, since the
therapeutic
process depends on
it.
- Paget's disease of the
nipple: appears with a
neoplastic intraepithelial
lesion, it usually
resembles orange peel
skin, its treatment is the
removal of the
areola-nipple complex and
followed by radiotherapy.
- Having first-degree
relatives with breast
cancer especially
related to the BRCA1,
BRCA2, P53, ATM and
PTEN genes.
- Infiltrating ductal
carcinoma: It begins in
the mammary ducts and
is the most frequent and
is characterized by early
invasion of the lymph
nodes.
- Infiltrating lobular carcinoma: it
begins in the lobules of the
mammary gland, it is the second
most frequent it appears in
women of legal age, it is
associated with the cadherine
gene.
- Ductal and lobular
hyperplasia without atypia:
It is characterized by an
increase in epithelial cells in
the acini or ducts with
double luminal and
myoepithelial
differentiation.
Medienanhänge
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