Canada's Federal Government

Constitution
1. BNA Act of 1867
  1. Can pass laws, but with Britain's permission
2. 1931-Statute of Westminster
  1. Gained full autonomy and became fully independant
Governor General
1. formality
2. Royal Assent
3. Legislative Branch
  1. Make laws
    1. House of Commons
      1. Lower house
        Study bills 1st
        Amend or change
        Debate and vote
      2. Governing party
        Party in power
        Majority
        Governing party gets 50% or more seats
        Easier to pass laws
        Minority
        Governing party gets most seats, but other parties combined are more than 50%
        Official opposition and other parties can combine together and act as one opposition party
        Harder to pass laws for governing party and if law does`nt pass than governing party has to resign
        Responsible government
        Governing party and PM have support of H.O.C., but if bill not given majority vote they must resign
        Vote of non-confidence
        Representative government
        Elections held + each riding sends 1 elected representative to H.O.C
      3. Opposition
        Make life hard
        Question governing party
        2nd most seats during election
        debate bills to ensure gov. being effective + representing ALL Canadians
      4. 308 seats for MPs
        1 MP=1 riding
      5. Independant candidate
        No party affiliation
      6. Create legislation and keep governing party + cabinet accountable
      7. Popular vote- total support political parties win during election, regardless winning riding
    2. Senate
      1. Upper house
      2. Study bills last
        Examine bills
        Amend or change
      3. Senators
        Paid a lot $$$
        Retire at age 75
        Can come up with ideas for law, but not including $$$
        Have to own lots property and $$$
        Some political experience
        Canadian and +30 yrs. old
        Represent minorities
        Appointed by region or division which is represented equally except territories
      4. Appointed by PM, not elected
        Triple E- Equal, Elected, Effective
      5. Give "sober second thought"
    3. Represent all Canadians' interests and rights
  2. Executive Branch
    1. Prime Minister
      1. Leader of governing party
      2. elected in his or her riding
        riding or constituency= geographical regions represented by a politician
      3. convinces cabinet about new proposal
      4. Cabinet
        Civil Service
        Public Service
        Not military,judicial, or legislative
        Civil Servants
        Work for government
        Party Discipline
        39 departments/portfolios
        39 Cabinet Ministers
        1 in charge of ea. department
        Appointed by PM
        Still MPs
      5. Appoints
    2. Propose bill to House of Commons
    3. Propose laws
      1. Run day-day governing of country
  3. Judicial Branch
    1. apply and interprets laws
    2. Family Rules
      1. Civic court
        Provincial Court
        Federal Court
        Supreme Court
        HIGHEST court of Canada
        Last resort and has final words
        Concerned with issues that affect ALL citizens or if someone`s rights are not met
        9 judges from different regions
        Judge retires, PM and cabinet nominate judge,then go through review by committee of MPs
        3 Ontario + Quebec, 1 Atlantic, 2 Western provinces
        Not politicians
        highly respected and experienced
        members from legal proffessions
        Use charter of rights and freedoms to make legal judgements
        Highest federal court
        Always has uneven number of judges to prevent tied decisions
        Issues of criminal process, equality, discrimination, and social questions
        City court
        Local matters with easier solutions
    3. Different from other branches, acts as check on their powers
    4. Responsibility of making sure rights of citizens respected
    5. Watchdog
      1. Federal Accountability Act
        Responsible and accountable spending by gov.
        Protection for gov. employees who `blow the whistles` on wrongdoing within civil service
        More info. on activities of lobbyists
        Lobbyists paid to represent of particular industries
  4. Consult when new bills created

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Canada's Federal Government

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