Evolution

Evolution

Surving in different environments
1. survival and ability to breed
  1. Charesteristics called adaptions. E.g behaviour, function
    1. Structural
      1. Physical
        Colour: camouflarge
        Weapon: sting
        Apearance: Bigger, mimic
    2. Functional
      1. function of internal organs
        depends on immediate environment E.g chamelion
    3. Behaviour
      1. animal acts: nocturnal, still, store food
    4. Plants: narrow leaves
    5. Purpose = survival in environment
      1. no favourable characteristics die out
        others survive- offspring inherit- favourable common
      2. allows variation
        enivronmental survival
        difference in genes, chromosones- inheritance
        genetic mutation
        diet, avaliaibilty , habitat
2. Natural selection
  1. process in which enviironmentcs selects favourable charesterisics
    1. reducing unfavourable
Theories of evolution/ beggining of life
1. 1700 belief organisms/ chareteristics fixed
  1. George Buffin: capable of change
  2. Eramus darwin- change to another
    1. Charles Darwin: grandson
      1. different species- common anscestor
        Galapogas island- naturaul selction
        14 species finches
        similar colour- different body
        naturaul beak variation
        birds suited- survive- offspring
        denounced- god
      2. first with scientific proof
      3. alfred russel wallace- same conclusion
        inferior killed off
        published paper with darwin 1958
2. Jean BaptisteLarmarck: 1st detailed
  1. simlilarities and difference- only if species are elvoving
    1. adapated through struggle to survive
      1. organs used= stonger 'not used= weaker
        changes passed on
        no evidence- modern geneitics show aquireed characteristics cannot be inerited
        inheritance comes from chromosones
Types
1. Speciation: process of forming new species
  1. occurs over long time
  2. combination: natural selection and other eg isolation, mutation
    1. 1. geographic isolation
      1. earthqauke, group split experiencing diff circumstances
    2. 2. Natural selection
      1. over time each group will change
        sub species-look diff, still interbreeed
    3. 3. Reproductive isolation
      1. isolated long enough- can't interbreed because of change
        new species
  3. Divergent
    1. new species-common ancestor
      1. finches
      2. adaptive radiation: organism adapt to new enviro
  4. convergent
    1. elvove and develop similar adaption
      1. similar enviro, lifstyle
  5. parallel
    1. related species - similar features while seperated
      1. look alike and common ancestry but in diff locations
fossil record
1. palaentology: study of fossils
  1. preserved evi past life
    1. actual remains of organism
      1. mammoth in ice
    2. hard parts of organism
      1. shells,teeth,bones
    3. evi of presence
      1. footprints
    4. impressions
      1. hollowed casts
  2. age of fossil/rocks
    1. radiosotope dating tecniques
      1. scientists developed geological time scale
        earth-era-periods-epochs
2. early life
  1. gaseous methane, ammonia,hydrogen,water vapour split by sunrays
    1. gas molecules and new bonds=organic moleculles
      1. single celled, anareobic = photosethetic bacteria
        oxygen- ozane
        1500 mill ygo= sexual reproduction
        600mill yag recongnisable animals
        fossils found- edicara

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