Measurements

Measurements

Physical Quantities
1. A measurement of a certain characteristic or property of an object
2. Must consist of:
  1. Magnitude
  2. Units
    1. SI units
      1. International System of Units
    2. Prefix
      1. Represent extremely big/small measurements
        Anmerkungen:
        Giga (G) --> 1 000 000 000 Mega (M) --> 1 000 000 Kilo (k) --> 1 000 Deci (d) --> 0.1 Centi (c) --> 0.01 Milli (m) --> 0.001 Micro (u) --> 0.000001 Nano (n) --> 0.000000001
Length
1. Distance between two points
2. SI unit: metre (m)
3. Measured with ruler, measuring tape, metre rule, vernier caliper
Area
1. 2-dimensional surface
2. SI unit: square metre (m2)
3. Regular shapes
  1. Rectangle = Length x Breadth
  2. Triangle = 1/2 x Base x Height
4. Irregular shapes
  1. Tracing onto grid paper
Volume
1. Space occupied by a body
2. SI unit: cubic metre (m3)
3. Regular objects
  1. Cuboid = Length x Breadth x Height
4. Irregular objects
  1. Displacement can / Eureka can
  2. Displacement in measuring cylinder
    1. Read bottom of meniscus at eye level to avoid parallax error
Mass
1. Amount of matter in a body
2. SI unit: kilogram (kg)
3. Measured with beam balance, electronic balance
Time
1. Duration from the beginning to the end
2. SI unit: second (s)
3. Measured using pendulum
  1. Period is time taken for the pendulum to complete one oscillation
    Anmerkungen:
    - When the pendulum swings from one end to the other end and back, it makes one oscillation.
    1. Longer pendulum, longer period
    2. Lower gravity, longer period
Density
1. Mass per unit volume of a body
2. SI unit: kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3)
3. Density = Mass / Volume
4. High density sink, low density float

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