LEC 1-DRILLING

LEC 1-DRILLING

WHY
1. only way to bring oil+gas->surface
2. only way to direct locate HC +its flowrate
3. sampling subsurface geology
4. extract+inject fluid
5. world need for energy, 30 billions bbl/year (2010)
  1. 450 years worth of plants burn/year in fossil fuel
HISTORY
1. 1st commercial oil productn.: 27/08/1859 Drake Well, Pennsylvania
  1. oil for light until light bulb invent 1878
    1. late 1800s, oil: car fuels,ship, plane,locomotive energy
politic<=>Price<=>supply/demand<=> drilling activity
Deep water, extreme temp, remote areas drilling
1. >cost, >complicated, risky, temp decrease at sea bed->viscosity+transport
EXPLORATION
1. DRILLING
  1. COMPLETION
    1. PRODUCTION
    2. complete drill for well efficient+ exact fluid
Drilling engineer
1. Casting Program
  1. Mud program
    1. Drilling hydrolic +solid control program
      1. site, rig, well path plan
        specific specialist equipment needed
        Well control
        Monitor, drill bit, rig selection
        Fishing operation
        Evaluation program
        maintain regulatory compliance
  2. completion
  3. cementation
2. making hole- ready for completion
WELLS
1. Types
  1. 1. Wildcat/Explor.n Well
    1. prove existance HC, collect info- tests- understand reservoir- stimulate models subsurface physical map- cal. ~oil/gas commercial
  2. 2. Appraisal/ Evaluation Well
    1. define abundant + deposition of reservoir, rock+fluid properties, flow press. production capacity, analyse cooring+ logging
    2. costly, time consuming, test while drill for data
  3. 3. Development/ Production Well
    1. drill for just prod.n, some testing - improve models, monitor
    2. less cost
  4. different types require different equip, design,risk

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