Ireland

Ireland

Ulster Unionism
1. Started in the 17th century between the catholics and the protestants. then to The plantations of Ulster. The word Unionism came from the union between England when the irish parliament was abolished from ireland and started and began to be run from England. Division between Catholics and protestants predates the conflict over the Union. In the 18th century ireland was part of only Protestant only Irish Parliament. Catholics where denied full political and economic rights.
2. Edward Carson was a massive figure head in Irelands Unionist history. He accepted the role of Irish Unionist Parliamentery Party leader in 1910. Carson devoted his entire political life to his belief in the union of Ireland and England. He was once quoted saying that he would not have a political life if it were not for the union. His efforts delayed the home rule bill several years and pulled it apart to the point of no return.
3. Flags and symbols
4. Ulster Unionists firmly believe that Ireland should stay a part of The United Kingdom. They are also against the idea of having Ireland being Home ruled and think Irelands parliament should stay in Britain.
5. Ulster Volunteers Force were formed in 1912 and there main aim at the point of creation was stop the Home Rule bill, They were based out of ulster were protestant unionists made up the majority of the population. Many of the volunteers feared having catholic rule as they would lose their local suprenacy and strong ties with England. Their rival force was the Irish Volunteers who were for home rule.
6. One main significant event that has helped shaped Ulster Unionism is the Act of Union in 1800. The Union came into effect after the 1798 rebellion, a lot of protestants feared for the Act of Union as they thought it would give more power to catholics and changed the balance of power that was massively in favour of the protestants at that time.
Irish Nationalism
1. Irish Nationalism's main idea is that the Irish people are a wholly united nation. They are against the split of the British controlled Northern Ireland and want a 1 government system over Ireland.
2. Flags and symbols
3. Irish nationalism, as it developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries was a mixture of aspects of various political parties, not necessarily of Irish origin, which were gradually joined in different forms by the groups who adopted a policy of Irish independence. In the 1890-1910 period at least four main nationalist organisations existed, these being the Irish Parliamentary Party, Sinn Fein, the Irish Republican Brotherhood and the Ancient Order of Hibernians.
4. Daniel O'Connell long revered in Irish history as 'The Liberator' was a constant enemy of the working class and laid the foundations for the anti English and anti socialist ideas at the root of much of Irish nationalism. As well as this he was also a figure head for the rights of Catholics in Ireland during this time and much of his work was to do with giving Catholics back their rights to own land.O'Connell's family background is of interest as are some of his less publicised political activities. O'Connell was born into a family of the minor landowning catholic social group. He received his education in France during the period of the French Revolution. These experiences are held as the formative influences on a political career in which he famously declared the Irish freedom was not worth the shedding of a drop of blood.
5. The Trade Union controversy arose as a result of increased industrial agitation in Dublin and a violent spinners strike in Glasgow in 1837. The Dublin disputed were set mainly around the enforcement of minimum wage, the limitations set in place for the amount of apprenticeships, and the compulsory membership of trade unions. O Connell, supported by the Archbishop of Dublin, attacked Trade Union leaders and was challenged to openly debate the issues involved. At this meeting O Connell complained that Irish Trade Unions were more military than their English counterparts and that their activities had led to a decline in trade in Dublin. The workers argued that the restrictive practises within their trades were necessary to maintain jobs and conditions.
Ulster Loyalism
1. Ulster Loyalism is an ideologoy found generally around the working class of people in Northern Ireland. Many of them are descendants of colonists from Britain.
2. The Ulster Worker's strike took place between the 15th and 28th of May 1974. It called on both Loyalists and Unionists who where against the signing of the Sunningdale agreement. More specifically the strikers were against the idea of sharing power with the Irish Nationalists, and a new idea from the proposed Government of Ireland.
3. Flags and symbols
4. In 1912 the Ulster volunteers were formed to stop the British from allowing self-rule in Ireland. These paramilitary groups caused the Home rule crisis which was later diffused by the onset of World War 2. Later on paramilitary groups were formed for the War of Independence.
5. Billy Wright was a prominent Ulster Loyalist during the troubles. In 1994 Billy and his unit broke a ceasefire caused by the UVF. He was part of the Ulster volunteers force for most of his life and started in his early teens.
6. The Ulster covenant was a document signed by over 500,000 people in 1912. It was essentially a petition against home rule and many say one of the big reasons for Irelands drift into civil war.
  1. Ulster’s Solemn League and Covenant Being convinced in our consciences that Home Rule would be disastrous to the material well-being of Ulster as well as of the whole of Ireland, subversive of our civil and religious freedom, destructive of our citizenship and perilous to the unity of the Empire, we, whose names are underwritten, men of Ulster, loyal subjects of his Gracious Majesty King George V, humbly relying on the God whom our fathers in days of stress and trial confidently trusted, do hereby pledge ourselves in solemn Covenant throughout this our time of threatened calamity to stand by one another in defending for ourselves and our children our cherished position of equal citizenship in the United Kingdom and in using all means which may be found necessary to defeat the present conspiracy to set up a Home Rule Parliament in Ireland. And in the event of such a Parliament being forced upon us we further solemnly and mutually pledge ourselves to refuse to recognise its authority.
7. Ulster loyalism believes that politically and religiously ireland should stay a part of the United Kingdom. Any idea or suggestion of Ireland being independent or even home ruled is against their political views.
Irish Republicanism
1. Irish republicanism is the the idea the Ireland should be its own republic. It sprouted in retaliation to the British and the instagation of of democracy through out Europe, this eventually lead to the idea of Irish Republicanism.
2. One significant event that has shaped Irish Republicanism was the Easter rising of 1916. IRA, IRB and IRC forces all came together to enact an uprising against the British forces. They took the GPO in the centre of Dublin as a stand. On the steps of the GPO, Patrick Pearse, one of the leaders of the rising read out a proclamation stating Ireland to be a republic, and that they were instituting the provisional Government of the Republic of Ireland.
3. One main historical figure involved in Irish Republicanism is Éamon de Valera. He was heavily involved in the 1916 Easter Rising and managed to escape execution due to his American citizenship. He later became the leader of the Republican side of the war of Independence.
4. The biggest and oldest political movement in this ideology is/was Sinn Fein. They are the oldest political movement in Irish history and currently hold a majority in government. They have strong ties with the IRA and a very checkered past, with the President: Gerry Adams's, being accused of a murder. They are highly opposed to the idea of a united England/ireland and want a republic for the irish people;
5. Hey Ms. Price, this program wouldn't let me upload any more images so the symbol for Republicanism is here: https://cedarlounge.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/starryplough06p01-copy.jpg
6. The central ideas and concepts surrounding irish Republicanism is that Ireland should be its own republic, separate from The UK and govern itself. They are against the monarch entirely and believe it should not be responsible for the governing of Ireland.
Bibliography - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_loyalism#Political_parties.
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland
  1. http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/edward-carsonulster-unionist-or-irish-patriot/
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism
    1. Felim Patrick - Irish Historian.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers

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