Chapter 1: The Way Of The Program

1.1 Programming Language
1. Computers can only run programs that have been written in 'low-level languages.' If written in 'high-level languages', it has to be processed.
  1. Advantages Of High Level Language
    1. It is easier to program in a high-level language.
    2. High-level language take less time to write.
  2. Advantages Of Low Level Language
    1. Low level language does not have to be processed before it is ran through a machine
2. What Is A Complier And An Interpreter? They both read the program and translates it completely before the program starts running.
  1. Python programming is execucted through an interpreter
1.2 What Is A Program?
1. A program is a sequence of instructions that specifies how to perform an action.
  1. The action might be mathematical, such as solving equations but it can also be a symbolic action, such as searching and replacing text in a document.
  2. Here are a few examples of basic instructions used in programming
    1. Input: Get data from the keyboard, a file, or some other device.
    2. Output: Display data on the screen or send data to a file or other device.
    3. Math: Perform basic mathematical operations like addition and multiplication.
1.3 What Is Debugging?
1. Here are a few types of errors that would need to be debugged.
  1. Syntax errors: Python can only execute a program if the syntax is correct.
  2. Runtime errors: they are called this because the error does not appear until after the program has started running.
  3. Semantic errors: If there is an error, the computer will not generate any error messages, but it will not do the right action.
1.4 Formal and Natural Lanuages
1. Natural languages are the languages people speak, such as English, Spanish, and French and they have evolved naturally.
2. Formal languages are languages that are used by people for particular applications. For example, the language that mathematicians use is a formal language that is particularly good at showing relationships in numbers and symbols.
3. Formal languages tend to have strict rules. For example, 3 + 3 = 6 is correct mathematical statement, but 3 + = 3 $ 6 is not.
1.5 The First Program
1. Normally, the first program you write in a new language is called “Hello, World!” because all it does is display the words “Hello, World!”. In Python, it looks like this:
  1. print 'Hello, World!'
    1. It will look like this when the program has ran.
      1. Hello World
2. Even though in the other Python applications, the first instruction would be written as:- print 'Hello, World!', in Python 3, the instruction for printing is slightly different: print ('Hello, World!')
  1. But, it still prints the text how it did before.
1.6 Debugging
1. Debugging be anything so simple. It could be that you spelt the instruction wrong.
  1. For example: prnt 'Hello, World!'
2. Or it could be that you've missed out some very important punctuation!
  1. For example: print 'Hello, World!

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Chapter 1: The Way Of The Program

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