Zusammenfassung der Ressource
20th Century ideas
in Ireland-
- Ulster Loyalism
- Ideology- Ulster Loyalism
defined in it's simplest form
is, loyalty to Ulster. You don't
have loyalty to a government,
government or party. you
must have Ulster's best
interests at heart and work
to ensure that Ulster is not
harmed or destroyed. You
must be up for preventing
any such possible harm or
destruction to Ulster.
- Significant event- Ulster Planation. The Ulster Plantations
was the organised colonisation of Ulster. The colonisation
was organised by the British, and many of the colonists
came from Scotland and England. About half a million acres
spanning across 6 counties were confiscated and given to
Protestants of the Catholic faith. Because of this event, it
continues to influence the Ulster Loyalism of today and
makes them continue to not want to be a part of Great
Britain.
- Paramilitary- 1912 a group called Ulster
Volunteers formed to stop the British
Government granting self-rule to Ireland, but
if they were to grant self-rule to Ireland then
to exclude Ulster from it. This lead to the
'Home Rule Crisis' but was defused because
World War 1 was about to start.
- Historical figure- Billy Spence. Billy
Spence was the founding member of the
Ulster Protestant Action (UPA), and later
became the chairman for UPA. Spence in
1966 gathered a group of militant
loyalists. This group formed the Ulster
Volunteer Force and were believed to be
behind a group of bombings and gun
attacks.
- Political/ Religious beliefs- Most of the Loyalists
declared themselves as Protestants. Many of
them were labelling themselves as 'Ulster
Protestants first and British second.' Many of
the Loyalists felt that by ending discrimination
against the Roman Catholic Church it would
result negatively towards the Protestant
community.
- Ulster Unionism-
- Ideology- That Ulster Unionism and
Great Britain should continue to
have some sort of political
connection to each other and that
the Northern Island continues to be
a part of the United Kingdom.
- Event- Acts of Union 1800. The Acts of Union
united Great Britain and Ireland together on the
1st of January 1801. This has enforced Britain's
place in Ireland, which has then shaped the Ulster
Unionism's idea on Ireland should remain with
Britain in some form.
- Historical figure- Edward Carson was the first man to sign 'Ulster's
Solemn League and Covenant' on September 28th 1912. The petition
was a pledge from Carson and hundreds of thousands of others to
reject devolved 'Home Rule' for Ireland and retain the Union with
Great Britain.
- Religion and ethics- Most Unionists in Ireland have been
Protestants. This meant that instead of following the
Catholic church like the Nationalists did, they were
following the Western Christian Church's. Violent
antagonism between the Catholics and Protestants
developed in the 19th century and was resulted from
history and religion. Because of the new settlers that
had arrived from England and Scotland, they were not
welcomed by the native Irish. This was due to the fact
that the newcomers were given the best pieces of land.
At first the Ulster Protestants couldn't overrule the
Catholic majority, but after the victory of the Protestants
supporting William of Orange at the battle of the Boyne,
they prevailed.
- Political figures- James Craig. He was the leader of the
Ulster Unionist party and became the first Prime
Minister of Northern Ireland. Terence O'Neill- He
aimed to bring the Protestants into working
relationships. Even though O'Neill seemed to believe
in industrialisation and modernisation, it was clear he
didn't want the Northern Ireland Labour Party to
become an actual party.
- Movements- The Orange Order- The Battle of the
Diamond was what led to the Orange
Order. The battle of the Diamond was a
violent confrontation that happened
between the Catholic Defenders and a
Protestant faction. The battle took
place on the 21st of September 1795, the
victors were the Protestants who ended
up killing between 4 and 30 Defenders.
- Bibliography- http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/edward_carson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800#Passing_the_Acts
http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Northern-Ireland.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon#Politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill,_Baron_O%27Neill_of_the_Maine#Politics
http://www.lurganancestry.com/diamond.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_loyalism#Paramilitary_and_vigilante_groups
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Spence
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml
http://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/articles/home-rule-for-ireland-q-a
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_nationalism#Home_Rule_crisis_1912.E2.80.9314
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ire
- http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/easter-rising
- Irish Nationalism
- Religion and politics- Most
Nationalists were Catholics and declared
their alliance to the Catholic Church, but
they also recognised other Christian
denominations and Judaism.
- Historical figure- Charles Parnell. Parnell
became an Irish Nationalist and statesman
and then in 1880 led the fight for Irish Home
Rule. In 1880 Parnell was supporting the
Liberal Leader William Gladstone, but after
Gladstone's Land Act didn't meet
expectations, Parnell joined the opposition's
team- The Irish Nationalist and became the
leader of the party.
- Ideology- Irish Nationalism declares that the
Irish people are a nation. They support a
united Ireland, and are 't interested in the
British having any power in their country.
- Significant event- Home Rule. Many other political figures had
failed achieving Home Rule before Parnell. It was only the way
that he ran the party like a machine, that he managed to pair the
demand for Home Rule with the growing concern for tenant
rights in Ireland that he was able to make the topic heard in
parliament. This fits in with their ideology because the Irish
Nationalists didn't want anything to do with the British.
- Parties and movements- The Irish National Liberation
Army was the left- wing nationalist group which was
formed in December 1974 during the Troubles. Their
aim was to remove Ireland from the United Kingdom
and to form a socialist republic with all of Ireland.
- Irish Republicanism
- Ideology- Irish Republicanism believe that all of
Ireland should be an independent republic and
that the British should no longer have a say in
how the country is run.
- Historical figure- Michael
Collins. Collins played a rather
minor part in the Easter Rising
although he did fight alongside
others in the General Post
Office. After being released
from Richmond Barracks in
December 1916, Collins
returned to Ireland and began
to revitalise the campaign to
get independence for Ireland.
After Collins was elected to the
executive committee of Sinn
Fein and continued to lead a
violent campaign against
anything that represented
British Authority. Eamonn de
Valera who was considered the
leading republican politician in
Ireland sent Collins to London
in 1921 to negotiate a treaty. It
took 3 months before the
treaty was signed, and the
treaty agreed that Ireland could
govern itself but remain within
the British Empire.
- Political and Religious beliefs- Most
Irish Republicans were Catholics
because they were decedents of
native Irish Catholics. But it's
believed that many protestants were
involved in the Irish Republican
movement and even the IRA.
- Significant event- Easter rising. Group of Irish
nationalists declare the establishment of the Irish
Republic. The rebels got hold of various buildings in
Dublin and there was a fight between the Nationalists
and the british troops. The leaders of the rebellion
were executed at a later time and hailed as martyrs.