perspectives on learning

behaviourist perspective
1. classical condition
  1. pairing ns and ucs
  2. pavlov experiment on dog
    1. in the experiment the bell is the ns and food is ucs
  3. key term
    1. ns:neutral stimula, it doesn't cause stimula before pairing with ucs
    2. cs:conditional stimula, it cause cr
    3. ucs:unconditional stimula, it is ns after pairing
    4. cr: condition respond, it's respond of cs
    5. ucr: unconditional respond, it's respond of ucs
2. operative condition
  1. learning though consequence
  2. key term
    1. reinforcement
      1. Anything which has the effect of increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
      2. positive reinforcement : Anything which has the effect of increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated by using consequences that are pleasant when they happen i.e. food for Ratatouille
      3. negative reinforcement : Anything which has the effect of increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated by using consequences that are pleasant when they stop
    2. punishment : Anything which has the effect of decreasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated by using consequences that are unpleasant when happen
  3. skinner's box
  4. program learning
humanistic perspective
1. theory
  1. focus on individual
  2. emphasized people's freedom to choose
  3. learning process is more important than result
2. application on education
  1. cooperative learning
    1. student group together to complete a certain task
    2. advantages
      1. advances the coorperation among students
      2. reward depends on contribution
    3. disadvantages
      1. waste time talking about non-relavant
      2. some members dominate
  2. learning circles
    1. students grouped and learn from each other
    2. accountable for their own grade
  3. open classroom
    1. mutiple project/teaching method at same time
    2. large group in one large area
    3. students have freedom to choose what to learn
cognitive perspective
1. is concerned with how we process, store, and retrieve information
2. piaget's theory
  1. Assimilation- process of fitting new information and experiences into an existing schema (dogs)
  2. Accommodation- process of altering existing schemes or creating new ones in response to new information and experiences (cats)
  3. four stages
3. discovery learning

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