Carboxylic Acids

Beschreibung

Topic 8
Kassie Radford
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Kassie Radford
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Carboxylic Acids
  1. Physical Properties
    1. Soluble in organic solvents
      1. Smaller chains are soluble in water (due to hydrogen bonding)
        1. Small ones readily dissolve in cold water
          1. As mass increases, solubility decreases
        2. Boiling point: Increases as size increases, due to increased number of London forces
          1. Boiling point is higher for straight chain isomers
            1. Greater branching = lower inter molecular forces = lower boiling point
            2. Carboxylic acids have high boiling points for their relative mass
              1. This arises from inter-molecular hydrogen bonding due to polar O-H bonds
                1. Dimerisation doubles the size of the molecule therefore increasing the London forces between itself and its neighbour
                  1. Extra inter-molecular attraction = more energy required to separate molecules
          2. Naming
            1. >Select the longest chain of Carbon atoms containing the COOH group
              1. >Remove the e and add oil acid after the basic name
                1. >Number the chain starting from the end nearer the COOH group
                  1. >As in alkanes, prefix with alkyl substituents
                    1. >Side chain positions are based on the C in the COOH being 1
                      1. e.g. CH3 - CH(CH3) - CH2 - CH2 - COOH
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