Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Observational methods
- Structured/Unstructed
- Structured: An observer records a
specified range of behaviours in
pre-defined, pre-decided catergories
- Unstructured: Observer
records non-specified, wide
range of behaviours, anything
that seems relevant
- Naturalistic/Controlled
- Naturalistic: Behaviours observed in normal environment
for the participants without interference from the
researcher (has high ecological validity)
- Controlled: Behaviours recorded by the researcher in
situations with some manipulation (e.g. take there
somewhere that is not their natural environment
- Covert/Overt
- Covert: Participants are unaware
they are being watched
- Overt: Researcher is known to
participants. They know they are
being observed
- Participant/Non-participant
- Participant: The observer participates and
joins in with the group
- Non-participant The observer watches but
does not join in. E.g. sits at the back of the
room
- Event/Time sampling
- Event sampling: Uses a checklist of
possible activities which are tallied as
they occur
- Time sampling: Uses a limited list of possible
activities. The occurance of these activities is
recorded in relation to short specified time
intervals