Zusammenfassung der Ressource
TRIZ
- Law of Evolution
- Law of Increasing degree of ideality
Anmerkungen:
- The law of increasing degree of ideality states that technological system evolve toward an increasing degree of ideality
- Law of non-uniform evolution of subsystem
Anmerkungen:
- The law of non-uniform evolution of subsystem states that various parts of a system evolve at non-uniform rates
- Law of transition to a higher-level system
Anmerkungen:
- Technological system evolve in a direction from mono-system to bi- or polysystems.
- Law of increasing dynamism
Anmerkungen:
- rigid structures evolve into flexible and adaptive ones, the system becomes more adaptable to the changing environment.
- Law of transition to micro-level
Anmerkungen:
- Technological systems evolve toward an increasing fragmentation of their components
- Law of completeness
Anmerkungen:
- The law of completeness states that an autonomous technological system has four principal parts: working means, transmission, engine and control means.
- Law of increasing susbtance-field interactions
- Law of harmonizations of rhytms
Anmerkungen:
- The law of harmonization states that a necessary condition for the existence of an offective techonologcal system is coordination of the periodicity of actions of its parts.
- Law of shortening of energy flow path (transmision of information)
Anmerkungen:
- Technological systems evolve toward shortening the distance between the energy sources and working means
- Resolving system conflict
- Function
Anmerkungen:
- A function involves tow components: Objet (to be controlled) and tool (to exectute the required operation
- A description of a function includes the action produced both the tool and the object. Nouns are used to describe actions.
- A TS perform one or more PF (Primeary Funtions)
- PF supported by on AFs (auxiliary Funtions)
- Tool
- Main Tool (MT)
- Auxiliary Tool (AT)
- Enabling
Anmerkungen:
- Support the performance of the primary function
- Enhancing
Anmerkungen:
- Boost (or modify) the performance of the main tool
- Measuring
Anmerkungen:
- Gauge or detect the parameters of a system's componentes
- Correcting
Anmerkungen:
- Allieviate or eliminate udesirable effects in the system
- Action
- Adecuade
Anmerkungen:
- May benefit from further enhancement
- Inadecuate
Anmerkungen:
- Absent
Anmerkungen:
- Harmful
Anmerkungen:
- Ideal technological system
Anmerkungen:
- Since technological systems are designed and built to perform certain functions, a
better system obviously requires less material to build and maintain, and less energy
to operate, to perform these functions. The concept of an ideal technological system
was introduced by Altshuller; it is a system whose mass, dimensions, cost, energy
consumption, etc. are approaching zero, but whose capability to perform the specified function is not diminishing.
- The concept of the ideal system allows one to concentrate on the function to be per-
formed (i.e., to ask the question, What is needed?) rather than on improving the existing
system, which is performing the required function (asking the question, How can the
system be fixed?).
- Generic Approach for solving
- Using the ideality concept (objet)
Anmerkungen:
- Elimination of either the tool or the objet
- Ideality tactic 1
Anmerkungen:
- The object is eliminated, which causes the elimination of the tool and of all the useful and harmful actions.
- Ideality tactic 2
Anmerkungen:
- The tool is eliminated, and the object (or one of its parts) itself performs the useful action.
- Ideality tactic 3
Anmerkungen:
- The tool is eliminated, and its useful action is delegated to the environment or to another tool.
- Changing the conflicting components such that the harmful action disappears
- Physical contradictions
Anmerkungen:
- A situation in which the same component ought to be in mutually exclusive physical states is called a
physical contradiction.
A physical contradiction is formulated by the pattern: ‘‘To perform action A1, the component (or its part) must have property P, but to perform (prevent, neutralize) action A2, this component (or its part) must have an opposite property –P.”
- To perform action A1 the particles of the component must move quickly, and to prevent action A2 these particles must move slowly
- Macro-Physical Contradictions
Anmerkungen:
- To perform action A1 the component must be hot, and to prevent action A2 the component must be cold
- Micro-Physical Contradictions
Anmerkungen:
- for the component to be hot its particles have to move quickly; particles of a cold component
would move slowly
- Separation principles
- Separation of opposite properties in time
Anmerkungen:
- at one time a component has property P, and at another time it has an opposite property –P.
- This separation principle is often based on the transition to flexible structures (in the sense of the law of increasing dynamism [flexibility]
- Separation of opposite properties in space
Anmerkungen:
- one part of a component has property P, while another part has an opposite property –P.
- This separation principle entails transition from mono- to bi-systems, in which each
sub-system (component) possesses one of the opposing properties (and performs one
of the conflicting actions).
- Separation of opposite properties between the whole and its parts
Anmerkungen:
- a system has property P, while its components have an opposite property –P.
- Introducing a special component (tool) intended to eliminate or neutralize the harmful action.
- Blocking the harmful action
- Counteracting the harmful action
- Drawing the harmful action away from the affected component
- Resolve the Sustance-Field Analisys
Anmerkungen:
- Thus, the object, the tool, and the energy of their inter-
action are necessary and sufficient to build a model of a minimal technological system
performing only one function (Fig. 3.1). An effectively performed function requires the presence of, and interaction among, these three elements.
The triad “object–tool–energy” is described in TRIZ in terms of substances and
fields
- Typical sufield transformations: the Standards
Anmerkungen:
- The use of the Standards begins with abstracting an initial sufield model (ISM ) from a freely worded description
of a problem or situation (depending on one’s understanding of the problem, more than
one ISM may be compiled)
- Synthesis of complete sufields
Anmerkungen:
- The primary approach to the synthesis of sufields directly follows the definition of a
minimal technological system.
- Standard 1.1.1
Anmerkungen:
- To enhance the effectiveness and
controllability of an incomplete sufield, it must be
completed by introducing the missing elements.
- Elimination of harmful actions in sufields
Anmerkungen:
- The following group of Standards resolves situations (system conflicts) when two
substances in a complete sufield experience, both useful and harmful interactions with
each other. The task is to retain the useful interaction while eliminating the harmful
one. Frequently, this can be achieved by introducing a new, third substance, S 3 , that
partitions the original substances.
- Standard 1.2.1
Anmerkungen:
- The added substance should be as inexpensive as possible, preferably made from
readily available resources.
- If both useful and harmful actions
develop between two substances, and the use of
outside substances is allowed, then a third
substance should be introduced between the two.
- Standard 1.2.2
Anmerkungen:
- To produce modified substances, several approaches can be used. It may be possible
to change the aggregate state of the available resource substances.
- If both useful and harmful actions
develop between two substances, and the use of outside
substances is prohibited or undesirable, then a third
substance, which is a mod- ification of at least one of the
original substances, should be introduced between the two
- Standard 1.2.4
Anmerkungen:
- If both useful and harmful actions develop between two substances, and a direct contact
between the substances should be maintained, then the useful action is provided by the
existing field F1 while a second field, F2, neutralizes the harmful action.
- Detection and measurement sufields
Anmerkungen:
- In measurement/detection problems, a system whose parameters or physical state
have to be gauged is given, and it cannot be changed.
- Ideally, a system should function so that the need for measurement/detection
of its parameters does not exist. This approach is manifested in the following
Standard:
- Standard 4.1.1
Anmerkungen:
- If there is a problem requiring measurement or detection in a system, then the system
should be changed so that the need to measure or detect it is eliminated.
- Standard 4.2.1
Anmerkungen:
- If it is difficult to measure or detect elements of an incomplete sufield, then this sufield
has to be completed and have a field as its output.
- How to introduce subtance into sufield
- Standard 5.1.1
Anmerkungen:
- If a substance needs to be added to the system, but it is unacceptable due to the problem
specifications or the performance conditions, then some indirect ways should be used.
- Use a substance that is already a part of the system’s environment.
- Use voids instead of substances.
- Use a modification of the object or its part (ingredient) as a tool.
- Obtain a substance from a chemical compound.
- Use a field instead of a substance.
- How to introduce new fields into sufields
- Standard 5.2.1
Anmerkungen:
- Use fields readily available in the system.
- Standard 5.2.2
Anmerkungen:
- If internal fields are not available, use fields present in the system’s environment.
- Standard 5.2.3
Anmerkungen:
- If neither internal nor external fields are readily available, then use fields whose car-
riers or sources are the substances already present in the system or in the system’s
environment.