Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Philosophy
- Is the study of self understanding, and love of wisdom (philos-love
& sophia-wisdom). it is about asking about main concept looking for
understanding and rational justification of our basic beliefs.
- Branches
- Ontology- nature of beings
- Ethics- human behaviour and its acts, wrong or right.
- Anthropology- past, present and future of men behaviour
- Aesthetics- beauty and artistic phenomena
- Logic- validity of an argument
- Politics- organization of society and its public affairs
- Theodicy- prove God´s existence
- Metaphysics- origin of knowledge
beyond nature
- Cosmology- theories of the beginning of everything
and the universe
- Myths
- narration that tries to explain the origin of the
earth or a culture where fantastic characters are
included. It is an attenuated form of
intellectuality using autonomous way of
thinking that looks for social control (fear of
people to act a certain way) and searches the
development of Myth-Polis.
- Pre- Soratic Cosmologists
- Ionia- place in the coast of Antoia where philosophy is
speculated to have started
- Arché- ..first principle... first cause
- Parmenides- senses are an illusion. Metaphysical conclusions
about true nature of reality
- Hybris- state of chaos and
disorder
- Thales- water is the first principle
- Anaximines- air is the main element
- Anaximander- think of the infinite; apeiro (infinite, boundless,
shapeless)
- Empedocles- four elements account all variety in the world. World
cycles fully mix and separates the elements (love/attraction &
strife/repulsion)
- Democritus- atomism (universe composed on infinite microscopic
corpuscles)
- Heraclitus- Fire first element, constant change (logos)
- Pythagoras- all things are numbers (maths to uknowledge and
quasi-religious reverence towards leader.nderstand the
world). Pursuit esoteric
- Philosophical questions
- Approach: critique (affirmation/iterrogation), rational (critical thinking), Universal
(human condition, Abstract (generic notions) & Open (different standpoint answer)
- content: sense of life, value
of a particular act,
existential and moral
legitimacy (rights we have)
- Sophists
- taught rich people, "wisemen", humankind
- Protagoras "Man is the meaure of all things"
- persuation, teachers of persuation, first humanists
- Gorgias: 1. Nothing exists 2. If somethig exists then we
cannot know it 3.If I can know it I cannot communicate it
- Relativism: we can change all the things we want
- Socratic Method
- Eristic- art of persuation, individidual, focus on winning an
argument and not in finding the truth
- Maieutic- act of giving birth to new and true ideas known as the socratic method
- Dialectics- postulation of one thesis, analysis, stating an antithesis and stablishing a synthesis
- Dialogue- constant quest for truth using the spoken language
- Socrates- called himself sculptor of men and midwife of true ideas
- Plato and the World of Ideas
- Cavern Myth
- world of Ideas- it is the truth and perfect state
- sensitive
- ideas
- philosophers
- govern
- is all about reminiscence (remembering what we knew
when we were on the ideas world). What we see is the part taking of the true image
- Utopian Republic
- King (golden soul) Reason
- Soldier (silver soul) Courage
- Worker (copper soul) appetite
- concept of Beauty
- Beauty= mean of education. ideas world= true
beauty; part taking= image of beauty; partaking of
partaking= vague representation of beauty