Plate Tectonics

Anmerkungen:

• The deeper you go the higher  the temperature gets.

1. Exploring Inside Earth
   1. Evidence from rock samples

      Anmerkungen:

      • Scientists drill holes into Earth to find out what is inside.
   2. Evidence from seismic waves

      Anmerkungen:

      • Scientists send seismic waves into Earth.
2. Journey to the center
   1. Temperature

      Anmerkungen:

      • The deeper you go, the higher the temperature.
   2. Pressure

      Anmerkungen:

      • The deeper, the stronger the pressure.
3. The Mantle
   1. Asthenosphere

      Anmerkungen:

      • The asthenosphere is the softest part of the mantle.
   2. Lithoshere

      Anmerkungen:

      • The lithosphere is the upper part of the mantle and the lower part of the crust.
   3. Lower Mantle

      Anmerkungen:

      • The lower mantle is solid and extends down to the core.
4. The Crust

   Anmerkungen:

   • The crust is a solid layer of rock the is 4 to 5 kilometers thick.
5. The Core
   1. The Outer and Inner Core

      Anmerkungen:

      • The outer core is liquid, but the inner core is solid.
   2. The Core and Earth's magnetic Field

      Anmerkungen:

      • Our planet is like a giant magnet bar, and the core is the magnet.

1. Convection currents in Earth
   1. Caused By Mantle

      Anmerkungen:

      • Currents are caused by the heat from the core and mantle.
2. Convection currents
   1. A current that transfers heat

      Anmerkungen:

      • A convection current is continuos as long as there is heat.
3. Types of Heat Transfer
   1. Radiation

      Anmerkungen:

      • Radiation is transfer of energy through space(air).
   2. Convection

      Anmerkungen:

      • Convection is heat transfer through fluids.
   3. Conduction

      Anmerkungen:

      • Conduction is heat transfer through contact.

1. Continental Drift
   1. Evidence From Land Features

      Anmerkungen:

      • The continents all fit together, just like a jigsaw puzzle.
   2. Evidence From Fossils

      Anmerkungen:

      • The fossils of the same organisms were found in far apart continents, today.
   3. Evidence From Ancient Climate Zones

      Anmerkungen:

      • Fossils of tropical plants found in Antartica and sediments from glaciers found in Africa conclude that climate was different back then, meaning that the continents either moved away from the equator or to the equator.
2. Wegner's Hypothesis Rejected
   1. Wegner's hypothesis is rejected.

      Anmerkungen:

      • Most geologists rejected Wegner's hypothesis because he couldn't identify the cause of continental drift.

1. Mid-Ocean Ridges

   Anmerkungen:

   • Scientists use Sonar to map outh a mid-ocean ridge(an underwater mountain chain).
2. What is Sea-Floor Spreading

   Anmerkungen:

   • The sea-floor spreads apart along mid-ocean ridges, carrying continents with them.
3. Evidence for sea-floor spreading
   1. Evidence from molten material

      Anmerkungen:

      • Scientists discover molten material and use it for evidence.
   2. Evidence from drilling samples

      Anmerkungen:

      • Drilling samples from the ocean floor give evidence of sea-floor spreading.
   3. Evidence from Magnetic Stripes

      Anmerkungen:

      • Rock patterns give evidence of sea-floor spreading.
4. Subduction at Trenches
   1. The Process of Subduction

      Anmerkungen:

      • A part of the process of subduction is when the ocean floor sinks into the mantle.
   2. Subduction and Earth's Oceans

      Anmerkungen:

      • Sea-floor spreading and subduction are changing the size and shape of the oceans.

1. How Plates Move

   Anmerkungen:

   • The theory of plate tectonics  explain the activities of Earth's plates.
2. Plate Boundaries
   1. Spreading Boundaries

      Anmerkungen:

      • Spreading boundaries happen when two plates spread apart.
   2. Colliding Boundaries

      Anmerkungen:

      • Colliding boundaries occur when two plates come together.
   3. Sliding Boundaries

      Anmerkungen:

      • Sliding boundaries occur when two plate slide past each other, moving in opposite directions.