RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

autoimmune disease caused by loss of self-tolerance
1. 1- Bystander T cell activation
  1. 2- Molecular mimicry
    1. 3- Polyclonal lymphocyte activation
      1. 4- Altered self
        5- Release of sequestered antigens
        6- Availability of cryptic epitopes
Pathogenesis
Investigations
1. X-ray ,MRI
2. Anti CCP , RF
3. clinical examination
Complications
Managment
1. Pharmacological
  1. DMARDs
    1. NSAIDs
      1. Corticosteroids
        Biologic therapies
2. Non-Pharmacological
  1. Exercise
  2. Relax
  3. Surgery
prognosis
1. depends on
  1. age , symptoms , disease condition
Epidimelogy
Psychological Effect
affects
1. Hand
  1. Examination
    1. Inspection,Palpation, and ROM
      1. Phalen’s . Tinel’s , Finkelstein’s tests
  2. Bones
    1. carpals , metacarpals , phalanges
  3. Joints
    1. Swollen Joints
      1. acute
      2. chronic
        Osteoarthritis
        Rheumatoid Arthritis
        Gout
    2. wrist , carpal , CM , MP , IP
      1. all are synovial
        Synovial Fluid
        contains
        Water , Inorganic salts Hyaluronic acid ,Lubricin
        Neutrophils ,Lymphocytes Monocytes, Macrophages
  4. Intrinsic Muscles
    1. thenar , hypothenar , lumbricals , interossei , palmaris brevis , adductor pollicis
  5. Blood Supply
    1. superficial & deep arches
  6. Nerves
    1. ulnar , median , radial
Infertility
1. not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after 1 year of unprotected sex
  1. Causes
    1. Women
      1. PCOS
        Endometriosis
        Ovulation disorders
    2. Men
      1. Varicocele
        Undescended testes
        Abnormal sperm production or function
  2. Risk factors
    1. Age
      1. Alcohol
        Smoking
        Stress
        Radiation therapy
  3. Types
    1. Primary
    2. Secondary
  4. Pathophysiology
  5. Investigations
    1. Blood test
      1. Hormone studies
        Sperm antibodies
        Ultrasound
  6. Management
2. Anatomy
3. Histology

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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Beschreibung

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Medienanhänge

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	Erstellt von Marwa Alqassim vor fast 3 Jahre