Educational Paradigms

1. Advantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * Aspects in the mind processes which were unnoticed by behaviourists. * Procedures such as memory, attention and observation have been studied as they have an effect on our behavior.   
2. Disavantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * It's reductionist * Working in groups but individual weaknesses is not strength them.   
3. Arises in the 70's
   1. Objectives

      Anmerkungen:

      • * Clarify the viewpoints, paradigm structure, and the behaviors as well into a better knowledge. * Investigation of the content of the origin and the precursors. * Precursors to create a topic in a better explanation, Why? When? Who? And for what? * The procedure will help to us as future teacher in the pedagogic area.   
      1. Objectives in Education

         Anmerkungen:

         • * Knowledge  * Understanding  * Application  * Analysis  * Synthesis  * Evaluation
   2. Types of learning

      Anmerkungen:

      • * Subordinate learning.  * Superordinate learning.  * Combinatorial learning.
      1. Example

         Anmerkungen:

         • * An example of this is that it reduces human behavior down to individual processes such as memory and attention.
   3. Characteristics

      Anmerkungen:

      • * A way of interpreting and identifying information received by receivers.  * The way to control the actions that are executed.  * Guiding the distribution of cognitive resources when needs exceed possibilities.  * A memory of actions and experiences.

1. Advantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * Inspires reverence for nature. * Allows progress of critical thinking skills. * Imparts them to be responsible.   
2. Disadvantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * The focal limitations met by the teachers. * Insufficient workers such as teachers, researchers * Lack of teaching/learning materials * Lack of funding.   
3. Arises in 1869
   1. Types of Envinronmentalist Paradigm

      Anmerkungen:

      • Education about the environment: is viewed as an approach in which information about the environment (concepts, facts, information) is transmitted by teacher to students. Education in the environment focuses on using the environment as the medium for teaching and learning.  Education for the environment, according to Michel, evolved from conservation education which focused on the preservation of basic resources and nature conservancy. 
      1. Examples

         Anmerkungen:

         • *Education about the Environment: Reproductive curriculum. *Education for the Environment: Reconstructive curriculum.
   2. Objectives

      Anmerkungen:

      • * To incorporate training for skills. * To apply a basic understanding. * To apply professional responsibilities. * To combine the unique features of environmental education. * To enable learners to engage in open inquiry and investigation. * To make assessment and evaluation integral to instruction and programs.
   3. Characteristics

      Anmerkungen:

      • * Awareness * Knowledge * Attitude * Skills * Participation

Anmerkungen:

• And by repetition privileges memory through conditioning, it is learned by imitation and reward or punishment are part of the learning process.

1. Advantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * Forecast and regulator behavior. * It's measurable. * Permit preparation. * Defines imagination, feeling and association, as behavioral terms. * Active teaching. * Accomplish to adapt behaviors.   
2. Disadvantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * Forecasts and controls behavior experimentally and empirically. * In Education is proposed as a paradigm of strengthening contingency, these seek to adjust behavior. * Circumstances to the presentation of before defined activities.
3. Arises in the early of XX Century
   1. Types of Behaviorism

      Anmerkungen:

      • * Methodological Behaviorism. * Radical Behaviorism.   
      1. Examples

         Anmerkungen:

         • * Positive Reinforcement. * Negative Reinforcement.
   2. Objectives

      Anmerkungen:

      • * To teach is to provide content. * To deposit information in the student, which will have to be acquired by him. * To teach is considered to be an instrument based on the reinforcement of positive behaviors, the elimination of negative ones through punishment.
   3. Characteristics

      Anmerkungen:

      • * Human beings are best understood as behaving organisms. * Human behavior is a result of genetics and physiology. * It works against the concepts of human freedom. * This paradigm is monistic.

1. Advantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * It’s active. * It promotes student agency. * It develops advanced skills. * It promotes diverse viewpoints. * It encourages students to reflect, evaluate their work. * It reflects our modern world’s vast access to content.
2. Disavantages

   Anmerkungen:

   • * Learning through trial-and-error is a time consuming process. * International testing regimes that push standardized curriculum encourage conformity and memorization over inquiry-based critical thinking. * Constructivism requires differentiation so that students learn at the optimal cognitive level.  * Differentiation for each child is exceptionally difficult and often impractical for educators  
3. Arises in the early of XX Century
   1. Objectives

      Anmerkungen:

      • * To provide experience with the knowledge construction process. * To provide experience in and appreciation for multiple. * To embed learning in realistic contexts. * To encourage ownership and a voice in the learning process. * To embed learning in social experience. * To encourage the use of multiple modes of representation. * To encourage awareness of the knowledge construction process.
   2. Characteristics

      Anmerkungen:

      • * Pursuit of student questions and interests is valued. * Learning is interactive, building on what the student already knows. * Students work primarily in groups. * Knowledge is seen as dynamic, ever changing with our experiences. * Materials include primary sources of material and manipulative. * Teachers have a dialogue with students, helping construct their own knowledge.
   3. Types of Constructivism

      Anmerkungen:

      • Psychologic Social
      1. Example

         Anmerkungen:

         • * The environment  * The scanning * The learning  * The memory