bacteria

bacteria

adaptations
1. structural
  1. cell wall
    1. cell shape
    2. no osmotic lysis
    3. no toxic substances
    4. + pathogenicity
    5. peptydoglycan
      1. inhibited by penicillin
      2. network of sugar polymers
  2. flagellum
    1. locomotion
    2. not extension of membrane
    3. larger and thicker
  3. fimbriae
    1. stick to substrate
    2. thin and short
  4. capsule
    1. resist phagocytosis
    2. no dehydration
    3. no hydrophobic detergents
  5. pili
    1. larger than fimbiae
    2. HGT
2. functional
  1. genetic diversity
    1. rapid reproduction
      1. low rate of Mutation
        still rapid evolution
      2. binary fision
    2. Genetic Recombination
      1. transformation
        uptake DNA from environment
      2. transduction
        bacteriophages
      3. conjugation
        genes transfered
  2. metabolic
    1. carbon
      1. autotrophs
      2. heterotrophs
    2. energy
      1. phototrophs
        photo-heterotrophs
        photo-autotrophs
      2. chemotrophs
        chemo-heterotrophs
        chemo-autotrophs
    3. nitrogen
      1. fixation
        N2 to NH3
    4. cooperation
      1. use resources that can't be used as individuals
3. Internal Morphology
  1. Plasma membrane
    1. acquire nutrients
    2. waste removal
    3. maintain constant presure
    4. photosynth
    5. respiration
    6. synthesis
      1. lipids
      2. cell wall constituents
  2. Chromosome
    1. circular
    2. no membrane
    3. nucleoid
  3. Plasmids
    1. R-resistance
    2. F-fertility
    3. Virulent
      1. +phatogenic
gram +
gram neg
1. proteobacteria
  1. α (alpha)
    1. possibly endosymbiosys
      1. mitochondria
2. chlamydias
3. spirochetes
4. cyanobacteria
  1. possible endosymbiosys
    1. chloroplasts

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