Topic 2 Hardware Revision

2.1 Input and Output Devices
1. Input
  1. Examples
    1. Microphone
    2. Scanner
    3. Mouse
    4. Touch pad
    5. Keyboard
2. Output
  1. Examples
    1. Speaker
    2. Printer
    3. Moniter
    4. Headphones
    5. Projector
3. Both
  1. Examples
    1. Headset
      1. Microphone
      2. Speaker/Earphone
    2. Phone
      1. Speaker
      2. Microphone
    3. Fax machine
      1. Scanner
      2. Printer
Secondry storage
1. We need it to hold things such as
  1. The operating system
  2. Any programs and applications that the User installs onto the computer
  3. Any files and documents containing the users data
2. Examples
  1. Magnetic hard drive
    1. Advantages
      1. Cheaper than Solid state
      2. Comes in 120gb-3tb
    2. Disadvantages
      1. Moving parts make it easier to break
      2. Not portable
      3. Can crash
    3. Direct access
  2. Optical disks
    1. Advantages
      1. Portable
      2. Cheap
      3. Most computers can read either a DVD or CD
    2. Direct access
    3. Disadvatages
      1. A small scratch will corrupt data
      2. Not much storage
        CD around 650mb
        DVD around 9gb
      3. Need the correct equipment to read DVD
  3. Tape storage
    1. Sequential access
    2. Advantages
      1. Cheap
      2. Can store over 100gb
    3. Disadvantages
      1. Slow access to data
      2. Tape is not robust
      3. Need special equipment to read and record data on the tape
  4. Solid state (Memory stick)
    1. Direct access
    2. Advantages
      1. Hold lots of data. From 1gb up
      2. Very portable
      3. Reliable due to no moving parts
    3. Disadvantages
      1. Expensive
      2. Can be lost easily
      3. The metal part instead into the USB can be damaged easily
The CPU
1. The Control Unit
  1. Controls and monitors the hardware
  2. Controls the input and output of data
  3. Fetch-Execute cycle
2. The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
  1. Arithmetic part
    1. Performs calculations on the data
  2. Logic part
    1. Deals with logic and comparisons. For example it works out if a value is greater then, less than or equal to another
3. The immediate access stores or registers
  1. Fast temporary memory in the processor where th ALU or the CU can store and change values
4. Job: Proccess data
Logic gates
1. Not
  1. Triangular
  2. Outputs the opposite to the input
  3. 1 input
2. And
  1. D shape
  2. Tells us if both inputs are 1
  3. 2 input
3. Or
  1. Rocket shape
  2. Tells us if one on the input is 1
  3. 2 inputs
ROM and RAM
1. RAM
  1. Volatile- Anything stored in Ram will be lost as soon as the computer is turned off
  2. Used for storing instructions while a program is being executed
  3. The more gig or meg, the more operations or programs it can handle at the same time
2. ROM
  1. Stores the instructions used to boot the computer up
  2. Part of the mother board
  3. Read only data
Cpu Performance
1. Cores
  1. This means it can do more than one program at once
  2. Takes time to split instructions up
2. Clock speed
  1. How many instructios a computer can fetch-decode-execute per tick of the clock
  2. Usually measured in gigahertz (gHz)
3. Processor type
  1. Cisc-Desktops
    1. Instructions
      1. More
      2. Better at complex
    2. Physical Size
      1. Larger and require more silicone to make
    3. Speed
      1. Faster
      2. Higher clock speed
    4. Energy consumption
      1. More electricity is needed
    5. Design
      1. Built in
      2. Uses a fan
    6. Cost
      1. More expensive
  2. Risc-Smartphones
    1. Instructions
      1. Less
      2. More efficient at simpler tasks
    2. Physical size
      1. Smaller
    3. Speed
      1. Slower
      2. Lower clock speed
    4. Energy consumption
      1. Less and can go in sleep mode
    5. Cost
      1. Cheaper
    6. Design
      1. Chip

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Topic 2 Hardware Revision

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