DNA and RNA

synthesis of dna and rna goes in the 5' to 3' direction in terms of the newly synthesized strand
1. incoming nucleotide always attaches to the 3' carbon
transcription is creation of mRNA from dna template
1. Txn
Rna polymerase binds at the promoter
1. transcription goes in 3'-5' direction in terms of dna
  1. rna produced it transcription undergoes rna processing
    1. primary rna transcript is immature
    2. in processing the 3' UTR is chewed back till the AAUAAA region is present
      1. the poly A tail added to end
        made of adenine strand
        shortens over time
        when short enough mRNA is degraded
        allows for transport out of nucleus
    3. 5' cap
      1. protects 5' end
      2. enzymes are present to degrade single stranded RNA
    4. splicing
      1. during transcription
      2. introns taken out of transcript
      3. exons kept and expressed
      4. SnRNPs come together to form a splicesome
spliceosome and ribosome
1. protein/rna structures where the rna part is what catalyzes the chem reaction
2. mutations can occur in splice sites
translation
1. the ribosome is responsible for protein sythesis
2. translation of the genetic code from nucleotide sequence to amino acid sequence is proformed by the transfer rna (trna)

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

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