Consolidation of Power

Terror
1. SS
  1. General SS
  2. Waffen SS - Special forces
  3. Death head Unit
  4. Heidrich
2. SA
  1. Heinrich Himmler
  2. Rapid rise in 1933 from 500,000 to 3 million
  3. Auxiliary Police powers By July 1933 26,789 political prisoners and 70 camps
3. Gestapo
  1. Concentration Camps
  2. SD - Intelligence Police
  3. Goerring
4. elimination of opposition
  1. Local level elected Politicians were forced to leave town halls and replaced with Nazi members Old Guard Purged
  2. Trade Union Officials Arrested
  3. From SA - Violence against opposition was often uncontrolled, unplanned and piecemeal
  4. Hitler ensured there was no attacks on the State itself including the Police or Army men
5. Ernst Rohm - Second Revolution
  1. Night of the Long Knives
    1. Why? - SA were no longer needed by Hitler, he had established his dictatorial position They became an embaressment to him, constant brawls and interference with the army called for Martial Law threats Also gave Hitler the chance to dispose of any previous opponents, rivals and enemies
    2. What? - Hitler purged the SA and killed of any opposition or past enemiers.
    3. Aftermath - Hitler claimed full responsibility for the night of the long knives Acting in the safety of the Nation as 'supreme judge' It also gained Hitler the support of the Army when Hindenburg dies in August After this violence became more systematic under the SS
  2. SA decline
    1. Overruled the army with 4.5 million members However in August lost auxiliary police roles subjects to stricter regulations
  3. July 1933 Hitler declared the Nazi revolution over However Erntst Rohm was determined to carry on with the violence to create a second revolution
Compromise
1. Army - easily had the strength to remove him from power even after he had gained dictatorial rights.
  1. Loyalties lay with Hindenburg
    1. Hitler attended a dinner with Hammerstein army's commander in chief Talked of rearmament Promised the SA would not undermine the role of the army
    2. Swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler once he announced himself Fuhrer
  2. Saw SA as a threat
    1. Hitler got rid of SA in Night of the Long Knives
2. Church
  1. Protestants
    1. Martin Neimoller
      1. Opposed Aryan Paragraph
      2. Concentration Camp
    2. Pastor's Emergency League
  2. Catholics
    1. Clemen von Galen
      1. Issued oppositional pamplets
    2. Oldenburg Protest
      1. refused to remove religious symbols
    3. Papal Encyprical
3. Big Businesses
  1. Donations
    1. Hitler managed to secure 3m Reichmarks from big businesses as they supported his anti-communist views
    2. He needed support so that he could revive the industry as well as gaining support and financial aid
  2. Insecurities - Worried about the Nazi's Nationalism
    1. Reassurance
      1. Hitler stopped attacks on large capitalists enterprises and appointed Dr Kurt Schmitt the managing director of Germany's largest insurance company as economics minister
4. Civil Servants
  1. Powers
    1. Civil servants enjoy the status they had maintained with almost exclusive recruitment
      1. They had traditional values of the state and did not like the democracy of the Weimar Republic
  2. Disagreement
    1. Civil Servants soon realised with Nazi attacks at local level that they were not going to be ran by non-political expert administrators
      1. Civil Servants soon realised with Nazi attacks at local level that they were not going to be ran by non-political expert administrators
        Aftermaths
        Purge of Jews and Communists from Civil Servant
        Also started to realise that it was probably a better idea to be a member of the party to get employed
Propaganda
1. Go to Propaganda mind-map
Legal Methods
1. Enabling Act
  1. Gave Hitler dictatorial rights
2. Emergency Act
  1. SA auxilary police
  2. Concentration camps - 'Political Prisoners'
3. Banning of all Political Party's
  1. One-party State
4. Banning of Trade Unions
  1. German Labour Front set up
Policies
1. Protection of Retail Trade - May 1933 banned extension of large department stores banned from multi-service e.g. bakery, hair dressing and shoe repair all in one Protects small shopkeepers
  1. Action; Work of the CLMT led to financial difficulties within department stores and alienated banks controlled CLMT Regime even provided large loan to Tietz, jewish-business
  2. Combat League of Middle-Class Tradespeople started to boycott department stores
2. Law to Reduce Unemployment; Public Work Schemes - Subsidies for private construction projects - All to be carried out with manual labour - Women leave their jobs for men - Autobahns
  1. Impact? - Little impact on reducing unemployment Just cut people off the lists
3. Reich Entailed Farm Law - all farms between 7.5-125 hectares declared hereditary states therefore could not be sold or closed Only Aryan German Citizens own a farm
  1. Reactions; Prevented farmers from being able to sell or mortgage their property. Suffered increasingly getting loans from banks when they needed to improve their farms
  2. Reich Food Estate - Controlled the distribution of agricultural products Import controls led to commodities on products such as butter and margarine Farmers were paid less

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Consolidation of Power

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