3755484
Beschreibung
Mindmap von Nazik Al-Hashimi, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Nazik Al-Hashimi
vor etwa 9 Jahre
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Esophagus
- congenital
- Atresia
- disruption of elongation and
separation of esophagus and
trachea
- Associated with
- VACTERL
- Trisomies
- George
- maternal polyhydramnios
- Single umbilical artery
- VACTERL
- choking & cyanosis & drooling
after infant’s first feeding
- disruption of elongation and
separation of esophagus and
trachea
- Esophageal Web
- protrusion of mucosa - upper
- dysphagia of poorly chewed food
- PLummer-Vinson Syndrome
- dysphagia
due to
webs
- Glotitis
- iron
deficiency
anemia
- Koilonychia,
Splenomegaly
- SQUAMOUS
CELL
CARCINOMA OF
ESOPHAGUS
- smoking
- Alcohol
- P53, P16, Rb
- Melena
- Mediastinitis
- TE fistula
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Lung Abscess
- Spread to Cervical (top 1/3),
mediastinal (middle 1/3),
gastric and celiac (lower(1/3)
- most
common
Globally
- Treatment: Iron,
Endoscopic dilation
- dysphagia
due to
webs
- protrusion of mucosa - upper
- Atresia
- Neoplastic
- Non-Neoplastic
- Mallory Weiss Tears
- inadequate relaxation
during vomitting
- Longitudinal MUCOSAL
tear at the esophageal
junction
- Hematemesis (PAINFUL!!)
- Hematemesis (PAINFUL!!)
- Longitudinal MUCOSAL
tear at the esophageal
junction
- Alcoholics &
bulemics
- history of
vomiting
- history of
vomiting
- inadequate relaxation
during vomitting
- Esophageal Varices
- portal
hypertension
- Cirrhosis
- Cirrhosis
- Splenomegaly
+ ascites
- RUPTURE
- MCCOD in Cirrhosis
- Painless hematemesis
- COD: Hypovolemic shock
- COD: Hypovolemic shock
- MCCOD in Cirrhosis
- portal
hypertension
- Achalasia
(Cardiospasm)
- Incomplete
relaxation in LES
after swallowing
- peristalsis, incomplete relaxation of LES, increased
resting tone of LES dysphagia, odynophagia. reflux of
contents, vomiting, aspiration pneumonia
- Complication
- PROGRESSIVE dilation of esophagus above LES
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- PROGRESSIVE dilation of esophagus above LES
- Complication
- peristalsis, incomplete relaxation of LES, increased
resting tone of LES dysphagia, odynophagia. reflux of
contents, vomiting, aspiration pneumonia
- Primary
cause
- Loss of intrinsic
inhibitory nerves of LES
and smooth muscle
- Loss of ganglion in
myenteric plexus
- Loss of intrinsic
inhibitory nerves of LES
and smooth muscle
- Secondary
cause
- Chagas
- T.cruzi polio
paraneoplastic
syndromes
sarcoidosis,,
- T.cruzi polio
paraneoplastic
syndromes
sarcoidosis,,
- Chagas
- Monometry
- Incomplete
relaxation in LES
after swallowing
- Hiatal Hernia
- Paraesophageal
(rolling type): volvulus
strangulation and
perforation
- Sliding Type:
epigastric pain,
heart burn
- Reflux
- GERD
- Alcohol
- Tobaco
- Obesity
- Caffiene
- Heartburn & ashtma
- Ulceration with stricture
- Barrett's Esophagus
- CREST
Syndrome
- Anti-centromere (+)
- Decrease
tone of LES
- stem cell
reprogramming in
lower 1/3
- Intestinal metaplasia: Stratified
squamous non-keratinized to tall
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- heart,burn (water brush), metallic taste
dyspepsia, epigastric pain substernal
discomfort relieved w/ antacids
- heart,burn (water brush), metallic taste
dyspepsia, epigastric pain substernal
discomfort relieved w/ antacids
- Intestinal metaplasia: Stratified
squamous non-keratinized to tall
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- stem cell
reprogramming in
lower 1/3
- # 1 cause of dysplasia
- Adocarcinoma
- Progressive dysphagia, odynophagia,
Melena, iron deficiency anemia
- Most common in US
- Progressive dysphagia, odynophagia,
Melena, iron deficiency anemia
- Adocarcinoma
- CREST
Syndrome
- Esophagitis
- REFLUX
- Endoscopy: irregular area of
hyperemia (vascular congesion)
- Dyspepsia, burning, water brush, nocturnal cough
(night), worse when laying down or after a large meal
- Basal zone HYPERPLASIA + elongation of lamina propria
- Endoscopy: irregular area of
hyperemia (vascular congesion)
- Eosinophilic
- Trachealization, furrow, white plaque, , micro abscess, does NOT
respond to medication Children: GERD sx, Adult: impactation
- Trachealization, furrow, white plaque, , micro abscess, does NOT
respond to medication Children: GERD sx, Adult: impactation
- Also due to HSV, CMV, Candida, Uremia, Anticancer therapy,
- REFLUX
- GERD
- Paraesophageal
(rolling type): volvulus
strangulation and
perforation
- Mallory Weiss Tears
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