The 1850s: Road to Secession

Compromise of 1850
1. 1) CA shall be a free state
  1. 2) stronger fugitive slave laws
    1. 3) no slave trade in Wash. DC
      1. 4) popular sovereignty
2. Henry Clay; settled tensions only temporarily
Uncle Tom's Cabin
1. written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)
2. was exposed to slaves & their stories... but not first-hand
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
1. proposed by Stephen Douglas
  1. personally benefitted him b/c he owned land out there & there was a possibility of a railroad
2. open area to settlers
3. Nebraska (free) & Kansas (determined by pop. sovereignty)
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1. Illinois Senate (1858)
2. foreshadows a future election: 1860
3. believed slavery was a horrible thing that needed to be eliminated but felt more strongly about keeping the Union together; didn't believe in racial equality
1860 Election Political Cartoon
1. showed Lincoln trying to hold together the two pieces of the N & S (fabric map)
2. shows Douglas & others tearing the map apart (showing their belief in division)
Crittenden Compromise
1. proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing Party, KY)
  1. was practically a copy of the Missouri Compromise
    1. was unsuccessful (SC secedes in Dec of 1860)
The Crimes Against Kansas
1. Charles Sumner (ANTI) & Preston Brooks (PRO)
  1. Brooks is expelled from HOR and then re-elected
  2. a physical fight that broke out on the floor of the Senate
  3. highlights the extent of sectionalism that was brewing; used as propaganda in N
"Bleeding Kansas"
1. both sides of extremists flood into Kansas
  1. people from Missouri (Slave State) vote illegally & forcefully (a.k.a. Border "Ruffians")
    1. ends up having both a slave & free government
  2. unexpectedly is voted to become a slave state
John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry (1859 in VA)

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The 1850s: Road to Secession

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