Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Kantian Ethics
- The ideas from 17th century, to break ethics off from religion
- Human reason in determining morality
- Individual reason and autonomy
- A sense of duty or obligation to act morally
- Intro
- Rejects empricism, and works on Apriori reasoning
- Absolutist moral theory
- Rejects happiness as a base for morality
- Rejects subjective so creates an objective theory based on reason, not feelings
- Kants walks reflect his theory, logical and coherent.
- Heteronomous will: Doesn't act freely of make decisions
- Autonomous: Acts freely and makes own decisions
- Maxims and Moral laws
- Maxim: A subjective moral principle
- God created morals and we can uncover them through reason and maxims
- Develop maxims into moral laws through good will
- Causality: If you get hurt you want to find the cause (Apriori law)
- Duty: Obligation to act morally
- Absolutist
- Deontological
- Adolf Eichman: Hung 1962
- Followed Kantian ethics
- can lead to fanaticism
- Went against Categorical imperative
- Extreme Duty:
- Done at cost to self
- Rejects happiness as basis of morality
- Taxonomy of duties: Allen W Wood
- Duties to oneself e.g. Against lust, no lying
- Duties to other e,g, Love by beneficence
- Categorical Imperative
- 1> Universality
- Follow maxims that can be universalised
- 2> Treat humans as ends not means to an end
- Do not exploit humans
- 3> The kingdom of ends
- Social harmony
- Where everyone has common ideas of morality
- HYPOTHETICAL IMPERATIVE
- Moral commands
- Conditional to personal motives and desires
- Intention
- Copernian revolution
- we see the world through our senses
- The world as we see it
- Only know things as they appear to us
- what we ought to do
- Summum Bonum: The highest Good
- Postulate Gods existence
- Must be life after death
- Only God can bring harmony to society
- Strengths:
- Emphasis on human worth
- Human equality and harmony is central
- Duty fits with human experience
- Weaknesses:
- No place for love
- Compatibalism
- Consequences are ignored
- Do apriori moral laws actually exist?