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Beschreibung
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1.7 Dispositional Explanation
- The authoritarian personality
- Theodor Adorno wanted to understand the
Anti-Semitism of the holocaust. They were
led to believe that obedience was part of a
psychological disorder.
- Argued that people with an Authoritarian Personality show an extreme
respect and submissiveness to authority figures. Such people view
society as 'weaker' than it once was and believe in enforcing traditional
values
- People with AP also show contempt for those
of inferior social status, fuelled by their
inflexible outlook on the world. Viewing
people who are 'other' as ills of the world.
- People with AP also show contempt for those
of inferior social status, fuelled by their
inflexible outlook on the world. Viewing
people who are 'other' as ills of the world.
- Origins
- Authoritarian Personality type forms in childhood, usually a result
of harsh parenting, featuring extremely strict discipline, an
expectation of absolute loyalty, and impossibly high standards.
- Fears and resentment towards parent is displaced onto others who they perceive to be weaker.
- Fears and resentment towards parent is displaced onto others who they perceive to be weaker.
- Authoritarian Personality type forms in childhood, usually a result
of harsh parenting, featuring extremely strict discipline, an
expectation of absolute loyalty, and impossibly high standards.
- Theodor Adorno wanted to understand the
Anti-Semitism of the holocaust. They were
led to believe that obedience was part of a
psychological disorder.
- Adorno et al (1950)
- Procedure
- Studied more than 2000 middle class white
American children and their unconscious
attitudes towards other racial groups.
- Developed several measurement scales
including the F-Scale, or the fascism scale.
- Developed several measurement scales
including the F-Scale, or the fascism scale.
- Studied more than 2000 middle class white
American children and their unconscious
attitudes towards other racial groups.
- Findings
- People with authoritarian leanings, scoring higher
on the F-scale identified with 'strong' people and
were generally contemptuous of the weak.
- Very conscious of status and showed obedience, respect
and deference to those of higher status.
- Very conscious of status and showed obedience, respect
and deference to those of higher status.
- People with AP had a certain cognitive
style, with no fuzziness between
categories of people and distinctive
stereotypes.
- Strong correlation between AP and prejudice.
- People with authoritarian leanings, scoring higher
on the F-scale identified with 'strong' people and
were generally contemptuous of the weak.
- Procedure
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Research Support
- Elms and Milgram (1966) interviews a small
sample of people who participated in original
obedience studies, all completing the F scale.
Found that 20 obedient participants scored
higher than 20 disobedient participants.
- Elms and Milgram (1966) interviews a small
sample of people who participated in original
obedience studies, all completing the F scale.
Found that 20 obedient participants scored
higher than 20 disobedient participants.
- Research Support
- Weaknesses
- Limited explanation
- In pre-war Germany, millions of individuals displayed
obedient, racist and anti-semitic behaviour, despite
having different personality types. An alternative
approach would be the social identity theory.
- In pre-war Germany, millions of individuals displayed
obedient, racist and anti-semitic behaviour, despite
having different personality types. An alternative
approach would be the social identity theory.
- Political bias
- Only measures tendency
towards extreme right
wing ideology.
- Christie and Jahoda (1954) argued that the F scale is a
politically biased interpretation. Both left wing and
extreme right wing share common ideologies. Therefore is
not a comprehensive dispositional explanation.
- Christie and Jahoda (1954) argued that the F scale is a
politically biased interpretation. Both left wing and
extreme right wing share common ideologies. Therefore is
not a comprehensive dispositional explanation.
- Only measures tendency
towards extreme right
wing ideology.
- Limited explanation
- Strengths
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