Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Identity mindmap
- What is identity?
- Personal identity
- A way of identifying yourself
through personal aspects e.g. your
name
- Social identity
- Is how your sense of identity
is developed by the way
others see you.
- How is it formed?
- Primary Socialisation
- The first type of socialisation that
happens, this occurs in the family
- Secondary Socialisation
- The second type of
socialisation that occurs,
this happens through
education and the media
etc
- Social variables - CAGES
- Class
- The upper class, the middle class, the
working class
- When judging someone on their social class you would take into
consideration; their income, possessions, lifestyle and norms and
values etc
- Views on class
- Feminism
- Gender inequality; women earn less and gain
less power than men.
- Working class women perform
unpaid labour such as running a
household
- Marxism
- Conflict between social classes caused by power
- Upper class benefitted most
- Functionalism
- Society benefits everyone of all social classes
- Needed to make society run smoothly
- Postmodernism
- Norms and values are always changing,
equality is improving.
- The rise of gender diversity
- Theorists
- Parsons (1995)
- Females have an
expressive role in the
house, whereas males
have an instrumental role.
- Mac an Ghail (1994)
- Focusing on hyper
masculinity among males
- This includes policing their own and others sexualities, noting
the clear insecurity of the working class man as their identity as
the breadwinner and the masculine figure is lost.
- Jackson (2006)
- Women adopting laddish- a form of masculinity.
These women labelled as ladettes perform risky
duties like drinking and smoking.
- Age
- Seen as a stage in the life course; childhood, youth
and adulthood. These are socially determined and
structured.
- Views on class
- Feminism
- Women are largely judged by
factors such as age.
- Society favours young or young looking
women
- Marxism
- Ageist conflict is necessary
- Adults have the most power and benefit most whereas children
are negatively treated
- Functionalism
- Age has no relation to social benefits
- Adults and children
will remain to be
treated differently
to benefit society.
- Postmodernism
- Young people are taking over and possibly taking
advantage of their education to be taken more seriously
- Technology is advancing by
young people
- Theorists
- Postman (1982)
- The creation of the innocent child
- A rise of parents protecting their children from
dangers such as sexuality and death
- As technology is emerging the innocent child figure is disappearing
- Featherstone and Hepworth (2005)
- The media can positively and negatively change attitudes
of ageing.- more positive images occur as the population is
ageing
- This is shown through retro fashions being mimicked in
today's society
- Gender
- Being male or female- this is said to have a huge effect on how
people view you
- This links to the gender roles put in place within society for both genders. -
being feminine and masculine.
- As society evolves the gender
roles begin to become less
relevant.
- Gender roles have changed over time- women were previously
the housewife role and men being the breadwinner, however
women are more focusing on their careers
- Views on gender
- Feminism
- Gender equality doesn't exist,
society is patriarchal
- Secondary socialisation cam be harmful to women
(causes body image issues.)
- Marxism
- Pop culture distracts society from gender inequality
- Conflict theory- gender inequality is necessary
- Society benefits those in power (in
a patriarchal society) males benefit
most.
- Functionalism
- Society benefits everyone in different ways- no matter their gender.
- Gender roles are vital in society, with the roles it allows society to run smoothly.
- Post Modernism
- Norms and values in gender are always changing- equality is improving
- Gender diversity is widely emerging, altering gender roles.
- Masculinity
- 2 types
- Aggressive masculinity
- Socially desirable
aggressiveness, desired by
working class
- Hegemony masculinity
- Socially desirable masculinity, desired
by middle class
- Theorists
- Parsons (1995)
- Functionalist- gender is natural and reinforced
- Ethnicity
- Ethnicity relates to culture
and how we all have an
ethnic identity.
- As society develops there becomes a
range of cultural characteristics that
make determining ethnic identity more
complex.
- Views on ethnicity
- Feminism
- Supporting equality of all females- ethnicity
should not divide them.
- Marxism
- Ethnic conflict is
needed when there is
equality.
- The ideal ethnicity - which in most western
countries is white people would be given the
most power and benefits in society
- Functionalism
- Society benefits all ethnicities
- Certain ethnicities should remain unequal
to keep society running smoothly
- Postmodernism
- Equality is slowly improving
- The creation of international movements for equality- Black Lives Matter
- Theorists
- Hewitt (2005)
- Studied the negative
perception of
multiculturalism.
- White working class people
were noted to defend their
ethnicities from ethnic
minorities
- Winston James (1993)
- Experience of racism unified identities of
African- Caribbeans
- Their unified culture adopted the
label "black" to prevent racism in the
UK
- Sexuality
- Society and especially the
media seem obsessed with
images relating to
secuality.
- Feminists in particular are concerned with the way in which women are portrayed through their sexuality.( As sexual objects for men to objectify.)
- Views on sexuality
- Feminsim
- Heteronormativity is still the norm, women are
sexualised for men in the media- pornography and
prostitution.
- Linked to domestic violence and rape in society.
- Women are objectified and
treated as products of an
orgasm
- Marxism
- heterosexuality is the norm because it serves capitalism
- It reproduces children to become
workers to later exploit.
- Society is distracted by popular culture
- Functionalism
- Roles ensure society is running
smoothly , this includes the role
of heteronormativity
- The traditional nuclear family is
believed to be best.
- Post-modernism
- Sexual diversity is
establishing
among society
- Media starts normalising
homosexual relationships
- Theorists
- Rich (1980)
- Womens sexuality is oppressed by
the patriarchy, this is by
objectification
- Women take part in a compulsory heterosexuality, they are
socialised into heterosexual role for men, lesbian identity is
erased or seen as a threat to males or again objectified.
- Weeks (1991)
- "sexual identification is a strange thing"
- Sexuality is more complex than other
aspects of identity
- People may or may not participate in sexual
activity with those they are sexually attracted to