Unit 1 Theories

1. Sigmund Freud
2. Theory of Mind
   1. Mental process
   2. Desires
   3. Motivations
   4. Preconscious
   5. Subconscious
3. Theory of the Self
   1. Id
      1. Biologically driven
      2. Pleasure Principle
   2. Ego

      Anmerkungen:

      • Postpones and limits our actions to satisfy needs
      1. Reality Principle
      2. Id and superego mediator
      3. Accepting reality
         1. Defense Mechanisms
            1. Repression
            2. Denial
            3. Regression
            4. Sublimation
            5. Displacement
            6. Projection
            7. Reaction formation
   3. Superego
      1. Rules and standards
      2. Guilt
      3. Moral guidelines
4. Psychosexual Stages
   1. Oral
   2. Anal
   3. Phallic
      1. Electra Complex
      2. Oedipal Complex
   4. Latency
   5. Genital

1. Erik Erikson
2. Ego controls

   Anmerkungen:

   • Less id
3. Importance of culture
4. Psychosocial stages
   1. Trust vs Mistrust
   2. Autonomy vs Shame
   3. Initiative vs Guilt
   4. Industry vs Inferiority
   5. Identity vs Role Confusion
   6. Intimacy vs Isolation
   7. Generativity vs Stagnation
   8. Integrity vs Despair

1. Ivan Pavlov
2. Conditioned responses
   1. Unnatural
3. Unconditioned responses
   1. Natural

Anmerkungen:

• Emotional responses are classically conditioned (Grayson, Child and Adolescent Psychology).

1. John B. Watson
2. Albert and the rat
   1. Showed video to persuade parents

1. Operant Conditioning

   Anmerkungen:

   • Actions pay off 
2. Law of Good Effect
3. Skinner and Reinforcement
   1. Positive and negative reinforcement
      1. Reinforcers
      2. Punishers
4. B.F. Skinner

1. Albert Bandura
2. Children learn by imitation
   1. Vicarious reinforcement

1. Jean Piaget
2. Adult and children intelligence is different
   1. Tested children's IQ
      1. Pattern of mistakes
3. Cognitive equilibirum/balance
   1. Schema
   2. Assimilation
4. Stages of Cognitive Development
   1. Sensorimotor intelligence
   2. Preoperational stage
   3. Concrete operational
   4. Formal operational stage

Anmerkungen:

• (Grayson, Child and Adolescent Psychology)

1. Emphasized culture and experience for cognitive abilities

   Anmerkungen:

   • (Grayson, Child and Adolescent Psychology)
2. Lev Vygotsky
3. Scaffolding