Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception

Anmerkungen:

• Information from our 5 senses. 

1. Visual System
   1. Lens

      Anmerkungen:

      • Focuses light on retina
   2. Pupil

      Anmerkungen:

      • regulates amount of light
   3. Retina

      Anmerkungen:

      • sense organ for light
      1. Rods

         Anmerkungen:

         • black and white
      2. Cones

         Anmerkungen:

         • Color vision
   4. Brightness
   5. Color
   6. Saturation
2. Auditory system
   1. Vestibular system
   2. Semi-circular canals
   3. Loudness
   4. Pitch
   5. Timbre
3. Psycho Physics

   Anmerkungen:

   • Sensation begins with a detectable stimulus 
   1. Thresholds

      Anmerkungen:

      • The threshold is the minimum amount of change required to generate an action potential. 
      1. Fechner
      2. Absolute Threshold

         Anmerkungen:

         • In neuroscience and psychophysics, an absolute threshold was originally defined as the lowest level of a stimulus —light, sound, touch, etc.—that an organism could detect.
   2. JND

      Anmerkungen:

      • Just Noticeable Difference (JND) is a sensory environment for one person at a time lying in total darkness. The installation is based on Gustav Fechner's concept of the just noticeable difference: the ability to perceptually detect the smallest changes in sensory stimuli.
      1. Weber
4. Taste
   1. Sweet
   2. Sour
   3. Bitter
   4. Salty
   5. Umami
5. Smell
   1. Olfactory
   2. Pheromones
6. Touch
   1. Pressure
   2. Pain
   3. temperature
   4. Kinesthetic

Anmerkungen:

• Making sense of what we perceive. 

1. Feature Analysis
   1. Bottom-Up

      Anmerkungen:

      • Believe what we see
   2. Top-Down

      Anmerkungen:

      • See what we believe
   3. Ames Room
   4. Gestalt Form Perception
2. Perception of Vision
   1. Trichromatic

      Anmerkungen:

      • Eye has three types of receptors pairings of the same three colors: green, blue, and red. 
   2. Operant process

      Anmerkungen:

      • receptors act opposite Green, blue, and red. 
   3. Optical illusion
   4. Occipital Lobe