Zusammenfassung der Ressource
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- CHARACTERISTICS
- Multicellular and multinucleated (expect yeast)
- Spore-bearing organism
- No chlorophyll
- Rigid cell-wall (chitin)
- Reproduce asexually and sexually
- Primary storage- glycogen
- Importance
- • Primarily terrestrial
- • Industrial
- Fermentation: yeast used in making cheese, soy sauce bread, wine
- Antibiotic: penicillin, griseofulvin
- Organic acid: citric acid, gallic acid
- • Research use
- Saccharomyces cerevisaea: yeast model system for genetics, cell biology and cancer
- Feeding forms
- • Parasitic heterotrophs
- • Mutualistic heterotrophs
- • Saprobic heterotrophs
- Fungi reproduction
- Sexual
- • Fusion of compatible nuclei
- Homothallic
- Heterothallic
- Asexual
- • May proceed through a spore form
- • Mitosis
- Sexual spores
- Types
- Basidiospore
- Ascospore
- Zygospore
- Formation
- Plasmogamy
- Karyogamy
- Meiosis
- Life cycle
- • Filamentous fungi reproduce
asexually (fragmentation)
- • Fungi classified by spore type
- • Spores are formed from the
aerial mycelium
- Types
- Chytrids (Chytridiomycota)
- Microsporidia
- Zygote (Zygomycota)
- Sac (Ascomycota)
- Club (Basidiomycota)
- Taxonomy
- Dikarya
- Basidiomycota
- Ascomycota
- Paraphyletic
- Zygomycota
- Chytridiomycota
- Chytridiomycota
(Anaerobic Rumen Fungi)
- Zoospores
- Obligate anaerobes
- Decompose cellulose
- Breakdown lignin deposits
into smaller pieces
- Ascomycota
- Some are human
and plant
pathogens
- Sexual- ascus
formation with
ascospores
- Red, brown, blue-green molds
(cause food spoilage)
- Some yeast and truffles are edible
- Asexual- conidia
- Zygomycota
- Terrestrial-decomposes
- Form zygosporangia-
dikaryotic
- Bread mold,
Rhizopus stolonifer
- Glomeromycota (considered
zygomycetes by some)
- Basidiomycota
- Examples: rusts, shelf fungi,
puffballs, toadstools,
mushrooms
- Sexual reproduction
form basidium
- Decomposers
- Edible and non-edible
mushrooms
- Plant pathogens causing rusts
and smuts (dimorphic)
- Urediniomycetes
- Ustilaginomycetes
- Microsporidia
- Obligate intracellular fungal
parasites that infect fish, insects
and humans
- Human infections
- • Encephalitozoan
cuniculi
- • Entrecystozoan
bienusi
- Structurally similar to ‘classic’
fungi
- • Contain chitin, trehalose &
mitosomes
- • Lack mitochondria,
peroxisomes & centrioles
- LICHEN
- Association of a fungus & a
photosynthetic symbiont
- Involve ascomycete fungi & basidiomycete
- Mutualistic relationship
- • Algae (produces food) & fungus (provides protection, water & minerals)
- Lichen may grow in
extreme conditions &
sensitive to environmental
toxins
- 3 main types
(based on
appearance &
structure)
- • Foliose lichen
(leaf-like)
- • Crustose lichen
(grow flat to the
surface)
- • Fructiose lichen
(hair-like/ threadlike)
- Assists in soil formation by breaking down rock
- Mycorrhizae
- Mutualistic association
- Benefits (plants)
- Increase
surface area
- Increase growth
potential
- Benefits (fungi)
- Feeding from tissues
of the plant
- Mycorrhizal fungi
- Truffles
- Auricularia
- Ecological
Impact of
Fungi
- Modify habitat
- Decomposers
- Improve
plant growth
- Pathogens
- Spoilers
- Food
- YEAST
- Typically
spherical/oval
- Budding yeast
(divide unevenly)
- Non filamentous
- Used in:
- Baking
- Opportunistic
pathogens
- Model organism in cell
biology research
- Fermenting
alcoholic
beverages
- Microbial
fuel cells
- Unicellular
- Fission yeast
(divide evenly)