Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Public Health (PH)
- Prehistoric
- No system in place
- Hunter Gatherers would
move away from their waste
which prevented disease
- Farmers would
have a constant
source of food
- Ancient Egypt
- Little improvement
- Sand buckets used
for waste and then
thrown away
- Papyrus
- Used for recording
- Ancient Greece
- An Asclepia in every
major town
- (gymnasia, baths, etc)
- Hippocrates suggested
good diet & exercise
- Ancient Rome
- Cared about health of
soldiers (for war purposes)
- So good facilities provided
- Conquering other countries
- To keep citizens calm & stop
panicking they provided
excellent PH
- Aqueducts invented
- "Fresh water" in towns
- Public baths, toilets and sewers
- (7 SEWERS IN ROME)
- Gov Officials monitored
for cleanliness
- Fall Of Roman Empire
- Invaded
- Empire broke up into
different countries
- Engineering knowledge lost
- No stability
- Countries cared more
about war than PH
- No bath houses, etc
- Early Middle Ages
- Throw waste out of windows,
through the streets
- Waste ran to rivers, which was a
supply of drinking water
- Animals in streets
- Gov didn't care
about PH
- RELIGION HINDERED
- Thought God sent diseases
- Houses packed tightly together
- Late Middle Ages
- Religion had benefits
such as washing
themselves
- Monesteries had
efficient water pipes
- Law to make cesspits a
certain distance from water
supplies & lined with stone
- Rakers employed
- NOT ENOUGH PEOPLE
TO BE ENFORCED
- The Black Death (1348)
- Religious PH used = bad
- King Edward III told
everyone to clean up towns
- Shows improvement
- Renaissance
- The Great Plauge (1665)
- Seal houses for 28 days
- Red crosses
on doors
- Watchmen
- Plague Doctores
- Mass graves
- The Great Fire
(1666)
- Bills of Mortality
- Recorded deaths & causes
- Industrial Revolution
- EARLY 1800s = WORST PH EVER!
- People moved from
countryside to cities
- Cramped
- Bad housing cos quickly built
- Not enough sewers
- Bad working conditions
- Kids worked at a too
early age
- Gov had a
"laissez faire"
attitude
- Low life expectancy
- Edwin Chadwick's 1842 Report
- "Disease caused
poverty" so if the Gov
provided clean water,
they would save money
- 1848, PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
(influenced by cholera
epidemic & Chadwicks report)
- Not followed or compulsory
- Suggest Board of Health (103 towns), to
clean towns, & medical oficers
- Reasons the Gov started improving
- 1852, Jenners smallpox vaccination
- Dr John Snow, 1854
- Investigated cholera
- Broad Street pump (SCIENCE&TECH)
- Small affect
- Great Sink of 1858
- 1864, Germ Theory by Pasteur
- 1867, Working Class Men Vote
- Joseph Bazalgette built London
underground sewers
- COMPULSORY
- Octavia Hill led to Artisans
Dwelling Act (1875)
- 1875, 2nd Public Health Act
- Compulsory
- Modern
- Gov cares about individuals
- 2nd Boer War
- Men weren't fit enough to fight
- Rowntree's & Booth's reports
- 1906-1912 Gov Liberal Reform Acts
- Medical checks (1912), free school meals,
compulsory training for midwives, Old Age Pension (1908)
- After WW1
- "Homes for Heroes" by PM
David Lloyd George
- 1919, Housing Act (provides good
homes for the working class)
- WW2 led to NHS being made
- Beveridge, 1948 report on
free health service
- 1946, decision of NHS (LAW)
- 1948, NHS existence