410903
Beschreibung
Mindmap von emilyoliviatapp, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von emilyoliviatapp
vor mehr als 10 Jahre
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Cognitive
Approach to
Psychology
- KEY ASSUMPTIONS
- Disorders are caused by faulty thinking.
- Human
behaviour is
heavily
influenced by the
schemata (our
core beliefs)
which develop
from early
experiences.
- Negative schemata can
result from unhappy or
traumatic childhoods.
- Negative schemata can
result from unhappy or
traumatic childhoods.
- Negative
schemata lead to
NEGATIVE
AUTOMATIC
THOUGHTS
which are
misplaced and
dysfunctional
because nobody
can be good at
everything.
- Negative automatic
thoughts are rapid and
unconscious responses to
situations, which produce
COGNITIVE BIASES.
- Cognitive biases prevent a person
from seeing any positives in their life,
reinforcing negative views.
- EXAMPLES OF COGNITIVE BIASES
- MINIMISATION.
Crediting successes
to external factors
rather than yourself.
- MAXIMISATION.
Exaggerating the
importance of small
failures.
- SELECTIVE ABSTRACTION.
Focusing on negative aspects
of life only. Ignoring the wider
picture.
- ALL OR NOTHING
THINKING. Ignoring middle
ground - either you think
that you are a success at
everything, or a success at
nothing.
- MINIMISATION.
Crediting successes
to external factors
rather than yourself.
- EXAMPLES OF COGNITIVE BIASES
- Cognitive biases prevent a person
from seeing any positives in their life,
reinforcing negative views.
- Negative automatic
thoughts are rapid and
unconscious responses to
situations, which produce
COGNITIVE BIASES.
- Disorders are caused by faulty thinking.
- HOW FAULTY
THINKING CAN
CAUSE
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS
- BECK'S 1979 MODEL OF DEPRESSION.
- 3 negative
schemata are
needed to
cause
depression and
this is called
the negative
triad.
- Negative
view of
the self.
- Negative
view of
the
world.
- Negative
view of
the
future.
- Negative
view of
the self.
- ATTRIBUTIONS are out interpretation
of why things happen and they have
three dimensions. Internal/external,
specific/global, stable/unstable.
- Depression = seeing negative events as
internal, global & stable and positive events
as external, specific & unstable.
- Depression = seeing negative events as
internal, global & stable and positive events
as external, specific & unstable.
- 3 negative
schemata are
needed to
cause
depression and
this is called
the negative
triad.
- ELLIS' ABC MODEL
- Activating events (A)
combine with beliefs (B) to
produce particular
consequences (C). Irrational
beliefs (B), faulty thinking,
will lead to inappropriate
negative emotions (C).
- Activating events (A)
combine with beliefs (B) to
produce particular
consequences (C). Irrational
beliefs (B), faulty thinking,
will lead to inappropriate
negative emotions (C).
- BECK'S 1979 MODEL OF DEPRESSION.
- EVALUATION OF THE COGNITIVE APPROACH
- STRENGTHS
- Clark, 1986, gave clear
evidence that
depression and anxiety
disorders correlate with
cognitive biases and
faulty thinking.
- Therapy based on
the cognitive method
(e.g. SIT) is very
successful in treating
depression and
anxiety disorders.
- Empowers the individual, this
model places people in a far less
passive position than others.
- Clark, 1986, gave clear
evidence that
depression and anxiety
disorders correlate with
cognitive biases and
faulty thinking.
- WEAKNESSES
- Vagueness. The ideas of
schemata and exactly how
irrational thoughts should be
measured lack clarity.
- 'Faulty thinking' and
negative cognitive biases
could be an effect rather
than a cause.
- The emphasis put
on the person's faulty
thinking could lead to
blame being allotted.
- The cognitive approach
does not leave room for
biological factors in
psychopathology, and
Bunney has shown that
depression has links with
low levels of serotonin.
- Vagueness. The ideas of
schemata and exactly how
irrational thoughts should be
measured lack clarity.
- STRENGTHS
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