3. MEDIEVAL CITIES

AGRICULTURE & POPULATION
1. CROP ROTATION was established
2. New land was created
3. Mouldboard plough better
4. Irrigation became better & new crops
5. Greater wind & water mills
6. Food production & population increase
DEVELOMENT OF TRADE & BANKING
1. 2 ROUTES
  1. MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE
    1. Linked Spanidh & Itaian cities
    2. Imported luxury items: perfumes, silks, porcelain and spices
  2. ATLANTIC & BALTIC ROUTE
    1. Merchant´s association - HANSEATIC LEAGUE
    2. Linked ports of: Potugal & Cantabria with Fleish, German & Russian cities
    3. Exchanged: Spanish & Engliah wool, French wines, English tin & product from the bltic
    4. Merchants met at TRADE FAIRS
2. Banking techniques changed
  1. Payment BY CREDIT
  2. Bills of exchange
CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH
1. New cities apperared - small
2. Peasants migrate to find work
3. They live where the markets were
4. NOT controlled by feudal lords
5. Inhabitants were FREE
6. Each city - own goverment - CITY COUNCL
INHABITANTS
1. Some merchants were rich - governed the city
2. Most were Craftsmen, shopkeepers or worked in domestic service
  1. Islamic people lived n MOORISH QUATERS
3. Some poor - not work
4. Most were CHRISTIANS
5. JEWS lived in GUETTOES & in JEWISH QUARTERS
CRAFTMEN
1. Craftsmen increase, there were: weavers, coopers, stone masons, bakers, carpenters and dyers
2. Do their products BY HAND
3. They worked in workshops
GUILDS
1. All artisans joined to a guild, nobody could worked in a trade if they don´t joined a guild
2. Guilds: contolled productions & distributed raw materials, controlled the numbers of workers & established prices
TRADES
1. MASTER CRAFTSMEN
  1. Owned: workshops, tools & raw materials
  2. From father o son
  3. Ran & controlled the guilds
2. JOURNEYMEN
  1. Skilled craftsmenwho received wages
3. APPRENTICES
  1. Young people - wanted to learned a trade
  2. Lived in the master´s house - worked for him - sereval years
  3. NOT receive payment
GROWTH OF ROYAL AUTHOROTY
1. Kings collected more txes
2. Created their own armies
3. They contracted LAWYERS
  1. Restored ROMAN LAW
4. KIngs take power from the nobles
5. Gave CHARTERS OF LIBERTIES - cities became FREE of feudal dependence
CREATION OF PARLIAMENTS
1. Kings started to crated parliaments
2. People represented were: The king, nobles, clergy & city mayors
3. Parliaments only met when a king called a meeting
4. The main function was: to established new taxes & approve special budgets of war
5. There were different degrees of power
CONFLICTS BETWEEN EUROPEAN KINGDOMS
1. Conflicts caused: DISPUTES over SUCCESION
  1. This occurred when a monarch died without leaving a successor, or a successor was unsuitable
2. Other disputes were caused by the need to establised BORDERS

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3. MEDIEVAL CITIES

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